476 THE SURVIVAL OB^ THE UNLIKE. [XXX. 



three -celled, and connects completely the Pear to- 

 mato and the Criterion. Below the Pear, in point 

 of development, is the Plum tomato. Fig. 8. It 

 approaches more nearly a spherical form, and is 

 almost uniformly two -celled. Still lower is the 

 Cherry tomato, Fig. 9, — the smallest and simplest of 

 them all, and two -celled. This is our nearest ap- 

 proach to the wild type. The first tomato known to 

 man could have been little else than this Cherry 

 tomato. Here the cell -division is perfect, and gives 

 every evidence of being normal. The first tomato 

 must have been a two -celled fruit, and its shape 

 spherical, or nearly so. The Pear tomatoes are also 

 completely two -celled, — that is, the cell -division ex- 

 tends entirely across the fruit, — and this gives us 

 reason to suppose that they may have existed in wild 

 nature also. Granting this, they nevertheless give 

 evidence of development from the Cherry tomato, as 

 we have seen from the intermediate Plum varieties. 

 Fig. 8. In cultivation they present fewer constant 

 specific marks than the Cherry sorts do. 



Occasionally, however, the Cherry tomato oroadens, 

 as in Fig. 10, and becomes more or less completely 

 three- or four-celled, Fig. 11. This figure shows the 

 complete cell -division which separates the normal 

 tomato into halves. This variation is the beginning 

 of the flat and angular tomatoes. Small developments 

 from it are Green Gage, Improved Large Yellow, and 

 White Apple. As the fruits increase in size by the 

 interposition of new cells, they take on abnormal 

 shapes. Adventitious cells are often pushed into the 

 center of the fruit, giving rise to the familiar struc- 

 ture represented on the top of Fig. 12. Often the 



