RACIAL ELEMENTS IN SWEDEN 



31 



LAPPS 



Fig. 7. 



Fig. 8. 



Fig. 9. 



Although they all have certain features in common, Karelians Savolaxians, 

 Esthonians with other, Finnish races of more adulterated blood, deviate from the 

 type described above in a more or less degree. These races are also represented 

 in our own country. But this is not the right place to consider these differences. 



The Lapps have come to Sweden from the east, certainly before the begin* 

 ning of the Christian Era, and have since spread out gradually towards the south 

 as far as to the northern part of Dalcarlia. Probably the Lapps have never, at 

 any time, been a numerous nation. At the present time their numbers hardly 

 reach to 30,000 of which about 7,000 are found in Sweden, about 20,000 in Nor« 

 way and the remaining few thousands in Finland and the Kola peninsula in 

 Russia. The greatest number of the Swedish Lapps, about 3,500 live in the most 

 northern province of Sweden (Norrbotten). 



The Lappish race differs very considerably from both the Finnish and the 

 North European Race. 



The Lapp is of very low stature (the men measure about 155 cm. in height) 

 his hair is dark, most often black or blackish»brown, lank and coarse; his beard 

 is of very weak growth, his eyes are brown, his complexion has a tint of yellow* 

 brown in it; he has a short skull with an index number of about 84; his face is 

 broad and short, with projecting eyebrows and a small lower jaw narrowing off 

 downwards; his nose is often concave. Figures 7 to 9 represent typical Lapps 

 from North Bothnia, as do also Plates XV — XVIL Mixed types occur, and not 

 so seldom, among the Lapps which seem to indicate that they have received an 

 infusion of both Swedish and Finnish blood. (See Plate XVIII). 



The colour of the eyes as well as the index number of the skull is an im= 

 portant race^mark. One knows that it is inherited and that the possession of blue 

 eyes is of a recessiv nature. 



The diagram on side 32 shows the division of different colours of the eye 

 into three shades, light, dark»medleys (= mixed) and brown, among Swedish, 

 Finnish, and Lappish speaking populations, according to my own, not yet pub* 

 lished investigations. The light eyes appear in predominating numbers among 

 the Swedish population and even among the Finnish in Norrbotten. Among the 



