CONTENT8 



THE HYOID OR LINGUAL BONE . 153 

 THE THORAX. 



Boundaries of the Thorax 154 



The Cavity of the Thorax 157 



The Sternum or Breast Bone . . . . 157 



The Ribs 161 



Common Character of Ribs . . . . 162 



Peculiar Ribs 163 



The Costal Cartilages 165 



Surface Form of Thorax 166 



Applied Anatomy of Thorax .... 167 



THE UPPER EXTREMITY. 



The Shoulder Girdle. 



The Clavicle 169 



Surface Form of the Clavicle . . . 171 



Applied Anatomy of the Clavicle . . 172 



The Scapula or Shoulder Blade .... 172 



Surface Form of the Scapula . . . 172 



Applied Anatomy of the Scapula . . 172 



The Arm. 



The Humerus or Arm Bone 178 



Surface Form of the Humerus . . . 184 



Applied Anatomy of the Humerus . . 184 



The Forearm. 



The Ulna or Elbow Bone .... 

 Surface Form of the Ulna 



The Radius . : 



Surface Form of the Radius . . . 192 

 Applied Anatomv of the Radius and 



Ulna .'... 192 



The Hand. 



The Carpus 195 



Common Characters of the Carpal 



Bones 196 



Bones of the Upper Row . . . . 196 



The Scaphoid or Xavicular Bone . 196 



The Semilunar Bone .... 197 



The Cuneiform Bone .... 197 



The Pisiform Bone 198 



Bones of the Lower Row . . . . 198 



The Trapezium 198 



The Trapezoid 199 



The Os Magnum 199 



The Unciform 200 



The Metacarpus 201 



Common Characters of the Metacarpal 



Bones .... .... 201 



Peculiar Characters of the Metacarpal 



Bones 202 



The Phalanges of the Hand 204 



Surface Form of the Bones of the Hand . . 205 



Applied Anatomy of the Bones of the Hand . 205 



Development of the Bones of the Hand . . 206 



THE LOWER EXTREMITY. 



The Os Innominatum 207 



The Ilium 207 



The Ischium 210 



The Pubis 212 



The Cotyloid Cavity or Acetabulum . 213 



The Obturator or Thyroid -Foramen . 214 



The Pelvis 215 



The False Pelvis 215 



The True Pelvis 215 



Position of the Pelvis 217 



Axes of the Pelvis 218 



Differences between the Male and Fe- 

 male Pelvis 218 



Surface Form of the Pelvis . . . .219 



Applied Anatomy of the Pelvis . . 220 



The Thigh. 



The Femur or Thigh Bone 221 



Surface Form of the Femur . . . 228 



Applied Anatomy of the Femur . . 229 



The Leg. 



The Patella or Knee-cap 230 



185 Surface Form of the Patella . . . 231 



190 j Applied Anatomy of the Patella . . 231 



190 ! The Tibia or Shin Bone 231 



Surface Form of the Tibia .... 236 



The Fibula or Calf Bone 236 



Surface Form of the Fibula . . . 238 



Applied Anatomy of the Bones of the Leg . 239 



The Foot. 



The Tarsus 239 



The Calcaneus 239 



The Astragalus or Ankle Bone . . . 244 



The Cuboid 245 



The Scaphoid or Navicular Bone . . 246 



The Cuneiform or Wedge Bones . . 247 



The Metatarsal Bones 249 



Common Characters of the Metatarsal 



Bones 250 



Peculiar Characters of the Metatarsal 



Bones 250 



The Phalanges of the Foot 252 



Development of the Foot 254 



Construction of the Foot as a Whole . . 2.54 



Svirface Form of the Foot 255 



Applied Anatomy of the Foot .... 256 



Sesamoid Bones 257 



THE ARTICULATIONS OR JOINTS. 



Structures Composing the Joints . . . 259 



Bone : 259 



Cartilage 259 



Ligaments 261 



Synovial Membrane 261 



Forms of Articulation : 



Synarthrosis (Immovable Articulation) 263 



Amphiarthrosis (Mixed Articulation) . 264 



Diarthrosis (Movable Articulation) . 264 



Kinds of Movement Admitted in Joints . . 266 



Ligamentous Action of Muscles .... 267 



ARTICULATIONS OF THE TRUNK. 



Articulations of the Vertebral Column . . 268 

 The Ligaments of the Vertebral Bodies 



or Centra . 268 



The Ligaments Connecting the Laminae 271 



Articulations of the Vertebral Column 



The Ligaments Connecting the Articular 



Processes 272 



The Ligaments Connecting the Spinous 



Processes 272 



The Ligaments Connecting the Trans- 

 verse Processes 272 



Articulations of the Atlas with Axis 273 



Articulations of the Vertebral Column uritk Cranium. 



Articulation of Atlas with Occipital Bone . 275 



Articulation of Axis with Occipital Bone . 277 

 Applied Anatomy of Articulations of the 



Vertebral Column 278 



The Temporomantlibular Articulation . . 279 



Surface Form 281 



Applied Anatomy 281 



