CONTENTS. 



DESCRIPTIVE AND APPLIED ANATOMY. 



OSTEOLOGY. 



Introduction 



GENERAL ANATOMY OF THE SKELETON. 



The Skeleton . . 35 



Number of the Bones .... 35 



Form of Bones 35 



Long Bones 35 



Short Bones 36 



Flat Bones . . 36 



Irregular Bones .... 36 



Surface of Bones 36 



Structure of Bone 38 



Bloodvessels of Bone .... 40 



Chemical Composition of Bone . 41 



Ossification and Growth of Bone . . 42 



Intramembranous Ossification . . 42 



Intracartilaginous Ossification . . 43 



Applied Anatomy of the Bones . 46 



SPECIAL ANATOMY OF THE SKELETON. 



THE VERTEBRAL OR SPINAL COLUMN OR THE SPINE. 

 General Characters of a Vertebra. 



The Cervical Vertebrae 49 



Atlas 50 



Axis 52 



Seventh Cervical 53 



The Thoracic Vertebras 53 



Peculiar Thoracic Vertebrae ... 54 



The Lumbar Vertebrae 56 



The Sacral and Coccygeal Vertebrae ... 58 



Sacrum 58 



The Sacral Canal 61 



Differences in the Sacrum of the 



Male and Female .... 61 



Coccyx 61 



Structure of the Vertebrae 62 



Development of the Vertebrae .... 63 



Development of the Atlas 63 



Development of the Axis 64 



Development of the Seventh Cervical . . 64 



Development of the Lumbar Vetebrae . . 64 



The Vertebral Column as a Whole ... 66 



Surface Form of the Vertebral Column . . 67 



Applied Anatomy of the Vertebral Column . 68 



THE SKULL. 

 The Cerebral Cranium. 



The Occipital Bone 70 



TLe Parietal Bone ' . . . 74 



The Frontal Bone 76 



Vertical Portion of the Frontal Bone . 76 

 Horizontal or Orbital Portion of the 



Frontal Bone . 79 



The Temporal Bone 



The Squamous Portion . 

 The Petromastoid Portion 

 The Mastoid Portion 

 The Petrous Portion . 



80 

 80 



82 

 82 

 84 



The Tympanic Portion 87 



The Sphenoid Bone 89 



The Body of the Sphenoid Bone . . 90 



The Greater or Temporal Wings . . 92 



The Lesser or Orbital Wings ... 93 



The Pterygoid Processes .... 94 



The Sphenoidal Turbinated Processes . 95 



The Ethmoid Bone 96 



The Horizontal Lamina or Cribriform 



Plate 96 



The Vertical Plate 97 



The Lateral Mass or Labyrinth . . 97 



The Bones of the Face. 



The Nasal Bones 99 



The Maxillae 100 



Changes Produced in the Upper Jaw by Age . 1 06 



The Lacrimal Bone 106 



The Malar Bone 107 



The Palate Bone 109 



The Horizontal Plate 109 



The Vertical or Perpendicular Plate . 110 



The Turbinated Bone 113 



The Vomer 114 



The'Mandible or Lower Jaw 115 



The Body 115 



The Perpendicular Portion or Rami . 117 

 Changes Produced in the Mandible bv 



Age '.119 



Side Views of the Mandible at Different 



Periods of Life 119 



The Sutures . . 121 



The Skull as a Whole. 



The Vertex of the Skull 123 



The Base of the Skull 123 



The Lateral Region of the Skull . . . 132 



The Temporal Fossa 132 



The Mastoid Portion 133 



The Zygomatic Fossa 133 



The Sphenomaxillary Fossa . . . 134 



The Anterior Region of the Skull . . . 134 



The Orbits 136 



The Nasal Cavity 138 



Development of the Skull 141 



Differences in the Skull Due to Age . . . 143 



Obliteration of the Sutures 144 



Differences in the Skull Due to Sex . . . 144 

 Supernumerary, Wormian, Sutural or Epac- 



tal Bones 145 



Craniology 145 



Surface Form of the Skull 147 



Applied Anatomy of the Skull .... 149 



(ix) 



