THE FOOT 



247 



and articulates with the rounded head of the astragalus. The dorsal surface is 

 convex from side to side, and rough for the attachment of ligaments. The plantar 

 is irregular, and also rough for the attachment of ligaments. The internal surface 

 presents a rounded tubercular eminence, die tuberosity (tuberositas ossis navicu- 

 laris), the lower part of which projects, and gives attachment to part of the tendon 

 of the Tibialis posticus. The external surface is rough and irregular, for the 

 attachment of ligamentous fibres, and occasionally presents a small facet for 

 articulation with the cuboid bone. 



For mid. cuneiform 



For int. cuneiform 



For ext. 

 cuneiform 



Occasional 

 facet for 

 cuboid 



For astragalus Tubercle 



For 2nd For 



For 1st metatarsal metatarsal mid-cuneiform 



FIG. 197 The left scaphoid. A. Antero-external view. B. Postero-internal view. 



To ascertain to which foot the bone belongs, hold it with the concave articular surface back- 

 ward, and the convex dorsal surface upward; the external surface i. e., the surface opposite 

 the tubercle will point to the side to which the bone belongs. 



Articulations. With four bones astragalus and three cuneiform; occasionally also with 

 the cuboid. 



Attachment of Muscles. Part of the Tibialis posticus. 



Cuneiform or Wedge Bones. The cuneiform bones have received their name 

 from their wedge-like shape. They form, with the cuboid, the distal row of 

 the tarsus, being placed between the scaphoid behind, the three innermost meta- 

 tarsal bones in front, and the 

 cuboid externally. They are 

 called the first, second, and 

 third, counting from the inner 

 to the outer side of the foot, 

 and, from their position, in- 

 ternal, middle, and external. 



Internal or First Cuneiform 

 (ps cunei forme primum) (Fig. 

 198). The internal cuneiform 

 is the largest of the three. It 

 is situated at the inner side of 

 the foot, between the scaphoid For tendon of For scaphoid 



u u- j j AU u j?xu c. Tibialis anhcus 



behind and the base or the first 



metatarsal in front. It may be 

 distinguished from the other 

 two by its large size, and by its not presenting such a distinct wedge-like form. 

 Without the others it may be known by the large, kidney-shaped anterior articu- 

 lating surface and by the prominence on the inferior or plantar surface for the 

 attachment of the Tibialis posticus. It presents for examination six surfaces. 

 The internal surface is subcutaneous, and forms part of the inner border of the 

 foot; it is broad, quadrilateral, and presents at its anterior inferior angle a smooth 

 oval facet, into which the tendon of the Tibialis anticus is partially inserted; 

 in the rest of its extent it is rough, for the attachment of ligaments. The external 



FIG. 198. The left internal cuneiform. A. Antero-internal view. 

 B. Postero-external view. 



