326 



THE ARTICULATIONS OR JOINTS 



and consists of close, compact fibres, which arise from different points of the cir- 

 cumference of the acetabulum and interlace with each other at very acute angles. 

 The transverse ligament of the acetabulum (ligamentum transversum acetabuli) 

 (Figs. 261 and 264) is in reality a portion of the cotyloid ligament, though differing 

 from it in having no cartilage cells among its fibres. It consists of strong, 

 flattened fibres, which cross the notch at the lower part of the acetabulum and 

 convert it into a foramen. Thus an interval is left beneath the ligament for the 

 passage of nutrient vessels to the joint. 



ILIOLUMBAR LIGAMENT 



ANTERIOR SACRO- 

 ILIAC LIGAMENT 



CAPSULAR LIGAMENT, 



FIBROUS PORTION 



CAPSULAR LIGAMENT, 



SVNOVIAL PORTION 



ILIOFEMORAL 

 LIGAMENT 



ZONA 



ORBICULARIS 

 GREATER 

 TROCHANTER 



COOPER'S LIGAMENT 

 SPINE OF PUBIS 



PUBOFEMORAL 

 LIGAMENT 



OBTURATOR LIGAMENT 

 ZONA ORBICULARIS 



LESSER SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE COVERING 

 THOCHANTEB NECK OF FEMUR 



Fio. 262. The right hip-joint, seen from before. (Toldt.) 



The synovia! membrane (Figs. 262 and 263) is very extensive. Commencing at the margin 

 of the cartilaginous surface of the head of the femur, it covers all that portion of the neck which 

 is contained within the joint; from the neck it is reflected on the internal surface of the capsular 

 ligament; it covers both surfaces of the cotyloid ligament and the mass of fat contained in the 

 depression at the bottom of the acetabulum, and it is prolonged as far as the head of the femur 

 in the form of a tubular sheath around the ligamentum teres. It sometimes communicates 

 through an aperture in the capsular ligament between the inner band of the Y-shaped ligament 

 and the pubofemoral ligament with a bursa situated on the under surface of the Iliopsoas muscle. 



The muscles in relation with the joint (Fig. 264) are, in front, the Psoas and Iliacus, sepa- 

 rated from the capsular ligament by a synovial bursa; above, the reflected head of the Rectus 

 femoris and Glutens minimus, the latter being closely adherent to the capsule; internally, the 

 Obturator externus and Pectineus; behind, the Pyriformis, Gemellus superior, Obturator 

 internus, GemeKus inferior, Obturator externus, and Quadratus femoris. 



