THE CRANIAL REGION 



363 



and terminating behind at the occipital protuberance; make a second incision in a horizontal 

 direction along the forehead and around the side of the head, from the anterior to the posterior 

 extremity of the preceding. Raise the skin in front, from the subjacent muscle, from below 

 upward; this must be done with extreme care, removing the integument from the outer surface 

 of the vessels and the nerves which lie immediately beneath the skin. 



The Skin of the Scalp. This is thicker than in any other part of the body. It is intimately 

 adherent to the superficial fascia, which attaches it firmly to the underlying aponeurosis and 

 muscle. Movements of the muscle move the skin. The hair follicles are very closely set together, 

 and extend throughout the whole thickness of the skin. It also contains a number of sebaceous 

 glands. 



1. Dissection of scalp. 



2, S, of auricular region. 

 , 5, 6, of face. 



7, 8, of neck. 



FIG. 287. Dissection of the head, face, and neck. 



The superficial fascia in the cranial region is a firm, dense, fibrofatty layer, 

 intimately adherent to the integument, and to the Occipitofrontalis and its tendi- 

 nous aponeurosis; it is continuous, behind, with the superficial fascia at the back 

 part of the neck; and, laterally, is continued over the temporal fascia. It contains 

 between its layers the superficial vessels and nerves and much fat. 



SUBCUTANEOUS AD1- 

 OSE TISSUE 



EPICRANIAL 

 APONEUROSIS 



CCCIPITOFRONTALIS 

 MUSCLE 



SUBAPONEUROTIC 



TISSUE 



ERIOSTEUM 



.OCCIPITOFRONTALIS 



MUSCLE 



FIG. 288. F,picranial aponeurosis. Antero-posterior section. (Schematic.) (Poirier and Charpy.) 



The Occipitofrontalis (TO. epicranius) (Fig. 289) is a broad musculofibrous 

 layer, which covers the whole of one side of the vertex of the skull, from the occiput 

 to the eyebrow. It consists of two muscle slips, separated by an intervening 

 tendinous aponeurosis. The occipital portion, the occipitalis muscle (m. occipitalis} 



