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THE MUSCLES AND FASCIAE 



The temporal fascia (fascia temporalis) covers the Temporal muscle. It is a 

 strong, fibrous investment, covered, on its superficial surface, by the Attrahens 

 and Attollens aurem muscles, the aponeurosis of the Occipitofrontalis, and by 

 part of the Orbicularis palpebrarum. The temporal vessels and the auriculo- 

 temporal nerve cross it from below upward. Above, it is a single layer, attached 

 to the entire extent of the upper temporal ridge; but below, where it is attached 

 to the zygoma, it consists of two layers, one of which is inserted into the outer, and 

 the other into the inner, border of the zygomatic arch. A small quantity of fat, 

 the orbital branch of the temporal artery, and a filament from the orbital, or 

 temporomalar, branch of the superior maxillary nerve are contained between these 

 two layers. It affords attachment by its deep surface to the superficial fibres of 

 the Temporal muscle. 



Dissection. In order to expose the Temporal muscle, remove the temporal fascia, which 

 may be effected by separating it at its attachment along the upper border of the zygoma and 

 dissecting it upward from the surface of the muscle. The zygomatic arch should then be divided 

 in front at its junction with the malar bone, and behind near the external auditory meatus, 

 and drawn downward with the Masseter, which should be detached from its insertion into 

 the ramus and angle of the mandible. The whole extent of the Temporal muscle is then exposed 



FIG. 296. The Temporal muscle, the zygoma and Masseter having been removed. 



The Temporal muscle (m. temporalis) (Figs. 295 and 296) is a broad, radiating 

 muscle situated at the side of the head and occupying the entire extent of the tem- 

 poral fossa. It arises from the whole of the temporal fossa except that portion 

 of it which is formed by the malar bone. Its attachment extends from the external 

 angular process of the frontal in front to the mastoid portion of the temporal 

 behind, and from the curved line on the frontal and parietal bones above to the 

 pterygoid ridge on the greater wing of the sphenoid below. It is also attached 

 to the inner surface of the temporal fascia. Its fibres converge as they descend, 

 and terminate in a flat tendon, which is inserted into the inner and outer surfaces, 

 apex, and anterior border of the coronoid process and the anterior border of the 

 ramus of the mandible, nearly as far forward as the last molar tooth. 



Relations. By its superficial surface, with the integument, the Attrahens and Attollens aurem 

 muscles, the temporal vessels and nerves, the aponeurosis of the Occipitofrontalis, the tempora! 



