xlii 



BONES OF THE VERTEBRATA, ACCORDING TO 



1 These bones are indicated by Roman nume- 

 rals, counting from the one on the radial side, or 

 innermost, and by the usual names, e. g. i pollex, 

 ii indfjr, iii mediia, iv annular**, v minimus. 



* These bones are specified by Arabic nume- 

 rals, as, 1 the proximal, 2 the middle, 3 the distal 

 or lingual phalanx, added to the symbol of the 

 digit they belong to. 



* Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, t. i. (1828). 

 4 Regne Animal, t. iii. (1830) pp. 431, 432. 



In this work the bones are indicated by letters : 

 the numbers cited are those used in the ' Histoire 

 des Poissons.' 



Ossemens Fossiles, 4to, t. i. p. 287, " 1'apo- 

 physe masto'ide et pointue et courte, et appartient 

 a I'occipital." The same confusion of the par- 

 occipital with the true mastoid process pervades 

 the work. 



Lecons d'Anatomie Comparee, t. ii. (1837). 

 7 Owemens Fossiles, v. part ii. p. 76. Aile 



temporale et 1'aile orbitaire (in lizards). Ibid. 

 p. 252. 

 ' Ossemens Fossiles, 4to, t. T. part ii. (1824). 



8 Hist. Nat. des Poissons, t. i. p. 151. 



10 The term " intermaxillare" had previously 

 been applied by Schneider to the so-called " os 

 quadrature) " in birds, or " os tympanicum." 



11 Cuvier, in his description of the " interparie'- 

 tal" of the horse, alludes to it as a bone "que 

 certains hippotomistes out appele ' os carre '." 

 Oss. Foss. Ho, ii. p. 101. Cuvier gives distinct 

 names to the subdivisions of the tympanic bone 

 in fishes and batrachians, which, with those ap- 

 plied to them by Geoffroy and Agassiz, will be 

 found after Nos. 28 a. to 28 d. 



IJ Cuvier adds, that this pair of horns is " celle 

 qui represente les os styloi'diens." Oss. Foss. v. 

 part ii. p. 193. But they answer to the epi- and 

 cerato-hyals. The epi-hyal of the Chelyi he 

 describes as " une piece osseuse et pointue de 

 la come moyenne." Ibid. p. 194. The totality 

 of Nos. 38, 39 and 40 is sometimes called " corne 

 styloi'de " in mammals by Cuvier. 



" Cuvier specifies the Chclonian genera in 

 which the " corps de 1'os hyo'ide " is " subdivise 

 en plusieurs pieces." Oss. Foss. v. part ii. p. 192. 



This modification repeats that in many fishes ; 

 but in Trionyx and Chelyi Cuvier calls the an- 

 terior of these subdivisions " les petites cornes 

 anterieures." 1. e. p. 1 94. 



14 Meckel recognised the homology of the 

 posterior bony appendages of the hyoid of the 

 adult frog with a part of the branchial apparatus 

 of fishes, and thought them the probable " ana- 

 loga" of the pharyngeal bones (schlunflkopf- 

 knochen). Archiv fur Physiologic, iv. (1818) 

 p. 240. Cuvier described these parts of the hyoid 

 as " cornes osseuses posterieures," in the ' Lecons 

 d'Anatomie Comparee,' iii. (1805) p. 252, but 

 afterwards adopted Meckel's view of their homo- 

 logy, and observes that " ils pourroient bien 

 correspondre aux pharyngiens inferieures." 

 Oss. Foss. v. part ii. p. 397. In fact, the thyro- 

 hyals of higher reptiles and birds do frequently 

 include the homologous elements of that modified 

 branchial arch, viz. the cerato-branchials with the 

 hypo-branchials. 



Die Vergleichende Osteologie des Schlafen- 

 beins, 4to, 1837. 



