205 



1079. The scapula, coraooid and bones of the left anterior extremity of a Tortoise 

 (Tettudn tabulate} . 



The ordinary position of that extremity is lUte of extreme pronation, with the olrcnuton 

 thrown forwards and outwards, and the radial side of the hand, or thumb, directed to thr 

 ground. The hiimerus is strongly bent in a ngmoid form, with the anronal surface convex 

 and directed upwards and outwards : the two tuberosities at the proximal end an* much 

 dereloped and bent towards the palmar aspect, bounding a deep and wide groove : that 

 which answer* to the external tuberosity is the smallest, and by the rotation of the lunm-ru- 

 it becomes the most internal in position. The proximal row of the carpus consists of three 

 bones, a large scaphoides, a small lunare, wedged into the interspace of the radius and ulna, 

 and a large cuneiforme. The second row consists of fire distinct bones, corret)|x>mliitg with 

 the fire digits ; than supporting the fourth and fifth answering to the os uncifomw, the re- 

 maining three to the trapezium, trapesoides and magnum. Each of the digits has one ineU- 

 carpal and two phalanges, except the fifth, which has but one phalanx. A sesamoid bone is 

 placed beneath the metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the three middle digits. 



1080. The bones of the right anterior extremity of the same Tortoise. 



The capsule of the shoulder-joint includes a considerable proportion of the fore and back 

 part of the neck of the humerus ; it is reflected dose upon the neck of the bone at its side*. 



Iltmteria*. 



1081. The bones of the left hinder extremity of the same Tortoise. 



The patella is ligamentous : the synovial joint between it and the femur is distinct from 

 the proper capsule of the knee-joint. The proximal row of the tarsus consists of two bone*, 

 astragalus and calcaneum, which appear to hare become confluent in this specimen. The 

 distal row consists of five bones, four of which support the four normal toes, and the fifth * 

 rudiment of the metatanal of the fifth toe : the fourth and fifth of the second row of tanals 

 answer to the os cuboides of higher animals ; the other three bones to the three o*sa cunei- 

 fonnia. The astragalar part of the single proximal bone would seem to include the scaphoid 

 as well as the calcaneum. 



1082. The bones of the right hinder extremity of the same Tortoise. Httntenan. 



1083. The left scapula, coracoid and anterior extremity of a small freshwater Tor- 

 toise (Emyt). 



The proximal row of the carpus consists of four bones, of which the lunare is wedged be- 

 tween the radius and ulna, and the homologue of the scaphoid is divided : the pisiforme is 

 absent : the unciforme is divided, forming, with the trapezium, trapesoides and magnum, five 



