220 



1138. The left ulna of a Patagonian Penguin, longitudinally bisected. Hunterian. 



1139. The left femur of the Patagonian Penguin (Aptenodytes patachonica), longitu- 

 dinally bisected, showing the absence of a medullary cavity. Hunterian. 



1140. The left tibia of the same Penguin, longitudinally bisected: the central can- 

 cellous texture is more open towards the upper part of the shaft than in the 

 femur. Hunterian. 



1141. The right metatarsus of a Patagonian Penguin, longitudinally bisected. 



Hunterian. 



1142. The skeleton of a Penguin (Aptenodytes (Spheniscus) demersd). 



The superorbital glandular depressions are well-marked ; the temporal depressions are 

 deeply excavated, and are bounded behind by an outward production of the super- and ex- 

 occipital crista, and below by the mastoid. The posterior cervical vertebra are remarkable 

 for the length of their hypapophysis or inferior compressed spine, and the anterior dorsal 

 vertebrae for the bifurcation of the corresponding process. An unusually large patella, ossi- 

 fied from two centres, is articulated to the procnemial process of the tibia. The three con- 

 stituent bones of the compound metatarsus are unusually distinct, as in other species of Apt e- 

 nodytes. The number of vertebrse between the skull and sacrum is 20, of which the nine 

 last support moveable ribs. The first two pairs of ribs are free and unattached to the ster- 

 num ; the seven succeeding pairs are articulated by bony hsemapophyses to the sternum. 

 There are 7 caudal vertebrse beyond the iliac bones, the first four with bifurcate spines, the 

 last a long sabre-shaped bone. 



Hunterian. 



1143. The left wing of a Penguin (Aptenodytes demersd), the integuments of which 

 have been removed on the inner side to display the bones in situ. Hunterian. 



\ 144. The skeleton of the small Penguin (Aptenodytes (Spheniscus) minor). 



It presents all the characteristics adapted to marine existence which are shown on a larger 

 scale in the Aptenodytes antarctica. The ridge dividing the temporal from the occipital 

 depression is more developed. There are 21 vertebrae between the skull and the sacrum, the 

 last eight of which bear moveable ribs, and of these the last six are united to the sternum by 



bony haemapophyses. 



Hunterian. 



