420 



the diapophysis, with a second perforation of the neural arch behind that pro- 

 cess. Rudiments of metapophyses and anapophyses are present in the last of 

 these vertebrae. 



2322. Four middle dorsal vertebrae, including the sixth to the ninth. 



The simple metapophysis of the sixth dorsal vertebra begins to articulate with the anapo- 

 physis of the fifth : the extent of this articulation progressively increases in the succeeding 

 vertebrae, and in the eighth and ninth a second articular surface is developed on the inner 

 side of the base of the metapophysis which articulates with a new surface developed upon 

 the outer side of the posterior zygapophysis ; the ordinary surface on the under part of this 

 process continuing and resting upon the ordinary surface of the anterior zygapophysis. The 

 second nervous perforation, noticed in the first dorsal vertebra, directly traverses the anapo- 

 physis in the present vertebra. 



2323. The last two dorsal and the three lumbar vertebrae. 



In the last dorsal the anapophysis developes a second articular surface from its under part, 

 which joins a surface upon the upper part of the diapophysis of the first lumbar vertebra, so 

 that they are united by a double tenon-and-mortice joint on each side, in addition to the arti- 

 culations between the ordinary zygapophyses. The metapophyses in the present five vertebrae 

 exceed the neural spines in length as much as the anapophyses surpass them in breadth and 

 thickness. In the lumbar vertebrae the nerves escape by a conjugational hole, and the 

 anapophyses are notched, not perforated. 



2324. The eight sacral and first caudal vertebrae. 



The first sacral is as complex as the last lumbar, but its metapophyses are shorter, and its 

 spine reduced to a ridge. The base of the metapophysis presents, however, the inner and 

 the inferior articular surface, and the diapophysis developes the superior articular surface, 

 forming the tenon for the reception of the short and thick biarticular anapophysis of the last 

 lumbar, between which and the posterior zygapophysis is the tenon reciprocally receiving the 

 base of the metapophysis of the first sacral vertebra. 



2325. The manubrium sterni, showing the two clavicular processes. 



2326. The right scapula. It is remarkable both for the length of the acromion and 

 of the coracoid. 



2327. The right clavicle. 



