436 



sixth cervicals are produced forwards and backwards, and overlap each other : in the seventh 

 those processes are reduced to tuhercular diapophyses which are not perforated : the bodies 

 of the vertebrae are depressed and quadrate. 



2409. The thirteen dorsal vertebrae complete, i. e. with their ribs and the sternum. 



The first sternal bone, or manubrium, is of unusual length, being much produced forwards, 

 and its under surface downwards in the shape of a deep keel for extending the origin of the 

 pectoral muscles. Seven pairs of ribs directly join the sternum, which consists of four bones, 

 in addition to the manubrium and an ossified ensiform appendage. The neural spines, which 

 are almost obsolete in the first eight dorsals, rapidly gain length in the rest, and are antro- 

 verted in the last two dorsal vertebrae. The diapophyses, being developed in the posterior 

 dorsals, determine the nature of the longer homologous processes in the lumbar vertebrae, 

 part of which series is here retained in connection with the dorsal series. 



2410. The five other lumbar vertebrae. 



The neural spines are low, but of considerable antero-posterior extent : the transverse pro- 

 cesses are bent forward in the last four vertebrae : a small, detached, wedge-shaped hypapo- 

 physis is fixed into the lower interspace of the bodies of the vertebrae. 



2411. The pelvis and most of the caudal vertebra?. 



The ossa innominata have coalesced with the sacrum, but not with each other, the pubic 

 arch remaining open. The bodies of the sacral vertebras are blended together and are carinate 

 below : their neural spines have coalesced to form a high ridge. The acetabula look almost 

 directly outwards. 



2412. The bones of the right fore-arm and hand. 



The olecranon expands transversely at its extremity, and the back part of the ulna is pro- 

 duced into a strong ridge of bone. The sabre-shaped accessory ossicle is preserved at the 

 radial side of the carpus. The ungual phalanges are bifid. 



2413. The bones of the left fore-arm and foot. 



2414. The bones of the right hind extremity. 



The head of the femur has no pit for a round ligament. A fabella is preserved behind the 

 outer condyle. A hamular process is sent off from the head of the tibia and fibula ; the 

 lower moieties of the shafts of these bones are blended together. 



2415. The bones of the left hind extremity. 



