535 







apophysial ridge at the under part of each centrum. The neural spines are moderately long, 

 compressed, but so extended antero-posteriorly, as to touch, or nearly touch, each other. The 

 diapophyses are broad, depressed, and much extended horizontally. An articular surface is 

 developed at the back part of the left diapophysis of the last of these vertebrae. The lum- 

 bar nerves escape by deep notches. 



3180. The last four lumbar vertebrae. 



The antepenultimate articulates with the penultimate vertebra by a pair of joints developed 

 between the opposed bases of the broad diapophyses. Similar, but larger, articular surfaces 

 assist in connecting the penultimate with the last lumbar vertebra, which presents at the back 

 part of its thickened diapophyses still larger articular cavities for corresponding convexities 

 on the fore part of the thickened and shortened diapophyses of the first sacral vertebra. 



3181. The sacrum. 







It consists of five coalesced vertebrae ; but the rough surface for articulation with the ilium 

 is developed exclusively from the first. 



3182. The last two lumbar vertebrae and sacrum of a Horse (Ejuus Caballus). 



In this specimen the lumbar vertebrae are anchylosed to each other, and the sacrum in- 

 cludes seven anchylosed vertebrae. 



Hunterian. 



3183. An anterior thoracic vertebral rib of a Horse (Equw Caballus). Hunterian. 



3184. The succeeding rib from the same side of the thorax of the same Horse. 



Hunterian. 



3185. The right scapula of a Horse. 



The suprascapular cartilage is partially ossified and anchylosed to the scapula. The spine 

 is thickened, roughened, reduced, and bent down at its middle part. The acromial angle is 

 low and rudimentary. 



Hunterian. 



3186. The right humerus of a Horse. Hunterian. 



3187. The right radius and ulna, coalesced, of a Horse. Hunterian. 



3188. The right scaphoides of a Horse. Hunterian. 



3189. The right pisiforme of a Horse. Hunterian. 



