560 



3361. The skeleton of a young Phacochcerus 



The vertebral formula is : 7 cervical, 1 3 dorsal, 5 lumbar, 2 sacral, 23 caudal : in older 

 specimens anchylosis extends from the sacral into the caudal region. Six pairs of ribs directly 

 join the sternum, which consists of five bones. The costal parts of the transverse processes 

 progressively increase in breadth from the third to the sixth cervical : they are wanting in 

 the seventh, the transverse processes of which are imperforate. The base of the neural arch 

 is perforated in all the cervicals. The medullary artery penetrates the fore part of the upper 

 third of the shaft of the femur, and the rest of the skeleton closely conforms to the Hog-type. 



The instructive state of the dentition in this specimen explains the remarkably dispro- 

 portionate shortness of duration of the first molar, m\, as compared with the other two, m 2 

 & m 3, and the concomitant early obliteration of its socket. The grinding teeth in use in the 

 upper jaw are the three deciduous, d2, d3, d4, and first permanent, m 1, molars on each 

 side : the latter tooth has remarkably long fangs ; those of the last deciduous molar are com- 

 paratively short. The alveolus of the germ of the last premolar, p 4, is exposed above those 

 fangs on the left side. The apices of the canine tusks and the summit of the second true 

 molar, m 2, are protruded from their sockets. The crown of the upper permanent incisor is 

 exposed in the left premaxillary bone. In the lower jaw two deciduous molars, dZ, d4, only 

 are developed on each side. The germ of the last premolar, p 4, is exposed on the left side, 

 together with that of the second true molar, m 2, and the very long fangs of the first true 

 molar, m 1 . This molar comes into place and use very soon after the deciduous molars ; con- 

 sequently, by the time that the crowns of the last premolar and second true molar have come 

 into use, that of the intermediate tooth, m 1 , has been worn away. 



Purchased. 



3362. The skull of the Ethiopian Wart-hog (Phacochcerus Pattasii). 



This differs from the preceding species in the absence of the upper incisors and the very 

 early loss of the lower ones, of which no trace remains in the present specimen. There are 

 three grinding teeth on each side of both jaws, which consist of the kst premolar, p 4, and 

 second, m 2, and third, m 3, true molars. The first true molar, m 1 , has been shed, its socket 

 is obliterated, and the teeth which it originally separated have come into close contact, as in 

 the former species. The last premolar, p 4, is relatively smaller and less complex in the 

 present species, and the upper canine differs by its narrower posterior groove. 



Hunterian. 



3363. The skull of an older Phacochcerus Pattasii. 



The second molars, m 2, have been shed and their sockets obliterated in both jaws, but a 

 rudiment of the fourth premolar, p 4, is retained, and the stumps of four rudimental incisors 

 may be seen on the alveolar border of the lower jaw. There is no trace of incisors or sockets 

 in the upper jaw. 



Hunterian. 



3364. The integuments of the head, with portions of the upper and lower jaws, of 

 the Phacochcerus Pattasii, from the Cape of Good Hope. Hunterian. 



