572 



ridge upon the outer condyle of the humerus is much less marked than in the normal rumi- 

 nants. The ulna has coalesced more completely with the radius, and appears to be repre- 

 sented only by its proximal and distal extremities. The carpal bones have the same number 

 and arrangement as in ordinary ruminants, but the pisiforme is proportionally larger. There 

 is no trace of the digits answering to the first, second and fifth in the pentadactyle foot : the 

 metacarpals of those answering to the third and fourth have coalesced to near their distal ex- 

 tremities, which diverge more than in the ordinary ruminants, giving a greater spread to the 

 foot, which is supported by the ordinary three phalanges of each of those digits. The last 

 phalanx deviates most from the form of that in the ordinary ruminants, by its smaller pro- 

 portional size, rougher surface, and less regular form : it supports, in fact, a modified claw 

 rather than a hoof. In the femur, the chief deviation from the ordinary ruminant type is 

 seen in the position of the orifice of the canal for the medullary artery, which, as in the 

 Human skeleton, enters the back part of the middle of the shaft, and inclines obliquely up- 

 wards. The fibula is represented by the irregularly-shaped ossicle interlocked between the 

 outer side of the distal end of the tibia and the calcaneum. The scaphoid is not confluent 

 with the cuboid as in the normal Ruminant : the rest of the hind-foot deviates in the same 

 manner and degree from the ordinary ruminant type, as does the fore-foot. 



Hunterian. 



3446. The skull of a male Camel (Camelus bactrianus). 



The occipital condyles are divided into two surfaces meeting at an acute angle, and they 

 come in contact with each other beneath the basioccipital, which contributes an equal share 

 with the exoccipitals to their formation. The paroccipitals are small, and shorter than the 

 processes formed by the combined mastoid and petrosal. A deep fossa for the articulation 

 of the stylohyal separates these processes. The occipital crest is sharp, deep, but thin ; there 

 is a low but sharp parietal crest ; the zygomatic arches are longer, and span across a wider 

 temporal fossa than in the ordinary Ruminants. The modification of this part of the skull 

 relates to the presence of large canines in both upper and_ lower jaws, and also to the presence 

 of a pair of laniariform incisors and premolars in the upper jaw. Most of the sutures of the 

 cranium have been obliterated, including that between the maxillary and premaxillary bones. 

 The rim of the orbit is entire ; the true nature of the outermost of the eight teeth at the fore 

 part of the lower jaw in the true ruminants is clearly shown by the maintenance of its normal 

 form as a canine in the Camel. 



Hunterian. 



The following, to No. 3478 inclusive, are parts of the same skeleton of a Camel (Camelus 

 bactrianus) : 



Hunterian. 



3447. The cranium, vertically and longitudinally bisected. 



The parietes of the cranium are of unusual thickness, and, with the exception of those 

 formed by the frontal and presphenoid, are chiefly occupied by a close cancellous structure. 

 There is no bony tentorium. The lateral sinus bifurcates above the petrosal into two wide 

 venous canals. The posterior canal divides, one branch terminating on the superoccipital 



