574 



3453. The fifth cervical vertebra. 



The pleurapopbyses have increased ; the diapophyses have diminished in length. The 

 zygapophyses have also become shorter and thicker. 



3454. The sixth cervical vertebra. 



This is characterized by the base of the pleurapophysis being coextensive with the centrum : 

 the process, descending almost vertically, forms a broad subquadrate pkte : the diapophysis is 

 a low tuberosity on the outside of its base. The hypapophysis disappears in this vertebra. 

 The neural spine, which was wanting in the three preceding vertebrae, has here the form of a 

 low rounded ridge. The canals for the vertebral arteries have the same peculiar position and 

 course as in the three preceding vertebrae. 



3455. The seventh cervical vertebra. 



The pleurapophyses have disappeared. The diapophysial tubercles are more prominent, 

 and project more decidedly from the base of the neural arch, which is much reduced in its 

 antero-posterior extent. The vertebral arteries do not perforate any part of this vertebra. 

 The posterior epiphysis of the centrum has been detached from all the cervical vertebrae save 

 the first two, and its suture is still obvious in the axis. The anterior epiphysis, which has a 

 convex articular surface, has become completely confluent with the centrum. 



3456. The first dorsal vertebra. 



This is characterized by the sudden and great elongation of the neural spine, and differs 

 from the cervicals in the length and independency of its pleurapophyses, which it exclusively 

 supports. 



3457. The second dorsal vertebra. 



In this the anterior zygapophyses have become suddenly diminished in size, and changed 

 in their direction and position ; being represented by round articular surfaces, looking upwards 

 from the fore part of the neural arch. The metapophysial ridge now begins to be developed 

 above the diapophysis. 



3458. A middle dorsal vertebra. 



Both anterior and posterior zygapophyses have almost disappeared. The metapophyses 

 project forwards. 



3459. A posterior dorsal vertebra. 



The posterior costal surface has disappeared, and the metapophyses project forwards from 

 above the anterior zygapophyses. 



