626 







3836. A pair of large horns of a variety of the Common Ox (Bos Taurus). 



They were brought from America about the year 1 770, by Admiral Warren. Their length 

 from tip to tip, following their greatest curve, is ten feet four inches. 



Presented by the late William Long, Esq. 



3837. The pelvis of a Cow or female of the Bos Taurus. 



This part is formed by four sacral vertebrae and the ossa innominata. The obturator fora- 

 mina are shorter and wider ovals than in the Bison. 



Purchased. 



3838. The skull of a new-born Calf or young of the Bos Taurus. 



The teeth in place are the lower deciduous incisors and canines, and the second and third 

 deciduous molars in both jaws : the first is just appearing through the gum. The four 

 elements of the occipital are distinct from one another, the paroccipitals being exogenous 

 processes of the occipital, but the superoccipital has coalesced with the parietal along the 

 greater part of the lambdoidal suture. A thin strip of the parietal extends downwards and 

 forwards between the frontal and squamosal to join the alisphenoid : the tympanic and 

 petrosal have coalesced ; but the mastoid and squamosal are distinct bones. The pterygoids 

 are distinct from the ectopterygoid processes of the alisphenoids. There are no rudiments 

 of horns. 



Purchased. 



3839. The disarticulated bones of the head of a Calf (Bos Taurus'). 



The exoccipitals meet above and complete the foramen magnum : a small part of each cou- 

 dyle is formed by the basioccipital. The superoccipital and the extremely short parietals have 

 already coalesced. The lower angles of the parietal extend forwards to join the alisphenoids : 

 these have coalesced with the basisphenoid. The foramen ovale is near the middle of their 

 base ; they send down long compressed pterygoid processes : the true pterygoids are distinct, 

 thin, lamelliform bones. The orbitosphenoids have coalesced with each other, with the neur- 

 apophyses of the nasal vertebra (nasal plate of sethmoid), and with the aethmoid cribriform 

 plates, cells, and upper turbinals. The coalesced bases of the orbitosphenoids simulate a 

 vertebral centrum and present a symphysial surface to the basisphenoid behind, but are over- 

 lapped by the presphenoidal part of the vomer below. The optic foramina commence by a 

 common transverse elliptical opening. The frontal bones attain their greatest relative size in 

 the Bovidce, extending backwards to the occipital region, where they rest on the broad sutural 

 surface formed by the compressed parietals upon the crista occipitalis. The horn-cores are 

 sent off from the outer angles of this part of the frontal, which is supported by the thick ver- 

 tical wall of the superoccipital ; the shock of a blow dealt by the horns being received, not by 

 the supracerebral roof, but by this strong posterior wall of the cranium, and transferred by it 

 directly to the condyloid cavities of the atlas and the vertebral column. The petromastoid, 

 tympanic and zygomatic parts of the temporal have already coalesced : the tympanic is grooved 

 behind for the ligamentous joint of the stylo-hyal. The base of the zygoma is perforated 



