764 



lower jaw, the left lateral incisor, the canines and molars of the deciduous series are retained, 

 while the four permanent incisors and the first and second molars are in place. The germs 

 of the permanent canines and premolars are exposed in their formative alveoli on the left side 

 of both upper and lower jaw. 



5061. The atlas. 



The transverse process is perforated lengthwise by the vertebral artery, which afterwards 

 slightly grooves the neural arch. The sutures between this arch and the bony bar (hypapo- 

 physis) which holds the place of the centrum are still distinct. The transverse extent of the 

 bar, in proportion to the antero-posterior extent, is greater than in Man : the flattened poste- 

 rior articular processes are reniform, not subcircular as in Man, and the vertebral foramina 

 are relatively less. 



5062. The axis. 



Its short transverse process is perforated, but it is not bifurcate : the neural spine is pointed : 

 the posterior articular surface of the centrum is convex transversely, slightly concave verti- 

 cally. The odontoid (true centrum of the atlas) is longer, in proportion to its thickness, than 

 in Man ; the anterior articular surfaces are narrower, the lower surface of the centrum is 

 flatter, the spine is longer and more pointed, and the perforation in the transverse process 

 relatively smaller than in Man. The transverse convexity of the posterior surface of the 

 centrum is greater, and the vertical concavity less than in Man. 



5063. The third cervical vertebra. 



It is chiefly distinguished from the corresponding Human vertebra by the length and slen- 

 derness of its simple spinous process. The transverse process has a short oblique pleurapo- 

 physial plate. 



5064. The fourth cervical vertebra. 



The angles of the oblique lamelliform transverse process begin to be produced. 



5065. The fifth cervical vertebra. 



In this the diapophysial and parapophysial portions project distinctly from each transverse 

 process. 



5066. The sixth cervical vertebra. 



In this the pleurapophysis or rudimental rib completing the perforated transverse process 

 has not coalesced with the parapophysis ; and it has either not been ossified, or is lost. 



