768 



quite circumscribed by bone : the artery afterwards pierces the neural arch on the left side 

 and deeply grooves it on the right side. The two portions of the transverse process of the 

 axis have coalesced and form a thick tubercle externally, surrounding the vertebral artery : 

 this tubercle increases in breadth in the third, and in length in the fourth ; in the fifth it 

 sends a distinct tubercle from its lower part, and the answerable part forms an antroverted, 

 obtuse, broad process in the sixth. The pleurapophysial element is wanting in the seventh, 

 in which the diapophysis is deeply grooved below for the vertebral artery. The diapophysis 

 of the first dorsal is suddenly increased in thickness, to receive the tubercle of the first rib. 

 A metapophysis may be distinguished in the eleventh and twelfth dorsals, which becomes 

 distinct from the diapophysis in the thirteenth, and projects from the outside of the prozyga- 

 pophysis in all the lumbar vertebrae. The diapophyses are longest in the first and second 

 lumbars, are shortest in the third, and are augmented in the fourth by the development of a 

 thick anapophysis at their back part, which here articulates with the first sacral vertebra. 

 Seven pairs of ribs directly join the sternum, which consists of five bones and an ensiform 

 part : the fourth and fifth bones have coalesced : the manubrium, as in the Orangs, receives the 

 first pair and part of the second pair of ribs. The acromion more resembles that of Man than 

 the acromion of the Orang does, but the body of the scapula is longer in proportion to its 

 breadth than in the Orang. The bones of the anterior extremity, especially those of the fore 

 arm, are shorter than in the Orang. The humerus is imperforate at its distal end. The 

 carpus consists of eight bones, as in Man. The thumb is relatively longer and stronger than 

 in the Orang. The pelvis is longer in proportion to its breadth than in the Orang. The 

 tuberosities of the ischia are expanded, flattened, and bent outwards, as in the Orang. The 

 bones of the hind extremity are relatively longer and stronger, especially the femur, than in 

 the Orang ; but the most marked distinction between the two great anthropoid Apes is seen 

 in the length and strength of the hallux in the Chimpanzee, which hereby makes a much nearer 

 approach to the peculiar characteristic of the Human foot. The articulation of the tarsus 

 with the leg still, however, favours the oblique position of the foot, and adapts it for grasping, 

 in the Chimpanzee. 



Purchased. 



5083. The skeleton of a young Chimpanzee (Troglodytes niger). 



The deciduous dentition has been acquired. The vertebral formula is : 7 cervical, 13 

 dorsal, 4 lumbar, and 6 sacro-caudal, but the latter series is defective. The first three sacrals 

 have thickened costal processes for articulating with the ilium. The costal portion of the right 

 transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra is wanting, and seems not to have been anchy- 

 losed ; its head has articulated with a parapophysis, formed partly by the centrum, partly by 

 the base of the neural arch, upon which the anterior articular surface of the centrum is con- 

 tinued : neither that (hypapophysial) part of the body of the atlas which completes the ring 

 of that vertebra, nor the portion which forms the odontoid process, have lost their indivi- 

 duality by the usual confluence which takes place at a later period. The coracoid elements of 

 the scapular arch are wanting, not having coalesced with the proper scapulae. The alveolar 

 portion of the maxillo-premaxillary suture is already obliterated, but the nasal portion still 

 remains, and shows that the apices of the premaxillaries articulate with the lower end of 



