772 



5089. The axis. 



The transverse processes are short and terminate simply and obtusely : the neural spine is 

 trifid, having an anterior ridge and two terminal tuberosities directed outwards and a little 

 backwards. The body is deeper behind in proportion to its breadth than in the Orang, and 

 the vertical concavity equals the transverse convexity of that articular surface : the neural 

 canal is less contracted above : the anterior zygapophyses are larger and better defined. In 

 all these respects the Chimpanzee approaches nearer to Man than the Orang does. 



5090. The third cervical vertebra. 



The fore part of the bases of the neurapophyses are produced forwards beyond the cen- 

 trum and complete the transverse concavity for the reception of the backwardly produced 

 body of the axis. This surface is deeper in proportion to its breadth than in the Orang, and 

 in this respect approaches nearer to that of Man. The vertebral arterial foramina are larger, 

 the neural canal wider, and the anterior zygapophyses better defined, than in the Orang. The 

 body of the vertebra is longer in proportion to its breadth than in the Orang, and the vertical 

 concavity of the hinder surface is deeper. The costal portion of the transverse process is 

 compressed and slightly produced downwards, forming an obtuse angle distinct from the more 

 acute diapophysis which is prolonged outwards and backwards. The neural spine is sub- 

 trihedral, slender, obtusely pointed, and of equal vertical extent with the neural canal. 



5091. The fourth cervical vertebra. 



This vertebra, in the greater depth and minor breadth of the body, and in the larger rela- 

 tive size of the neural canal and of the vertebral arterial foramina, repeats the same differ- 

 ences from that of the Orang, and the same resemblances to that in Man, as the foregoing 

 vertebra does. The neurapophyses still form the sides of the anterior concavity of the body. 

 The costal ridge is equally distinct ; the diapophysis is longer and the neural spine is a little 

 longer than in the preceding vertebra. 



5092. The fifth cervical vertebra. 



The same differences, as compared with that in the Orang, are repeated in this vertebra. 

 The costal portion of the transverse process is more produced. The neural spine is both 

 longer and stronger. The diapophyses are somewhat less. 



5093. The sixth cervical vertebra. 



This vertebra differs from the fifth in a slight increase of breadth and prominence of the 

 pleurapophysis and in a diminution of the diapophysis : the centrum is more expanded poste- 

 riorly : the neural spine is longer and thicker. 



