790 



plate, but they do not extend backwards to form a ' crista galli.' The cribriform plate is 

 much smaller, and is sunk into a deep (rhinencephalic) fossa. The palatines form a smaller 

 proportion of the bony palate ; their mesial anterior ends advance forwards in a point between 

 the maxillaries, but the mesial posterior ends, which project backwards in a point in Man, are 

 truncate, and the border of the bony palate there presents either a shallow median emargina- 

 tion between two slighter ones, or the whole posterior border (in the younger male) is 

 slightly undulated with a general curve concave backwards ; whilst in every variety of the 

 human race the same border presents two lateral concave emarginations divided by the median 

 point. The posterior palatine foramina are close to the palato-maxillary suture : in Man 

 they are nearer the posterior border of the palate. The pterygoid and orbital relations of the 

 palatal bones resemble those of Man. 



The maxillary bone, besides its greater relative size, has a relatively longer and shallower 

 palatal portion without any median convexity : it is more expanded anteriorly, instead of 

 being contracted between the premolars : its malar process is considerably deeper, and is per- 

 forated by the maxillary or suborbital nerve at a greater distance below the orbit : the single 

 foramen for this nerve is the rarer variety than the double one in the Gorilla : the most decisive 

 distinction from the Human type furnished by the maxillary bone in the present comparison 

 is its exclusion from the nostril by the elongation of the premaxillary and the interposition of 

 the upper angle of that bone between the maxillary and the nasal in the Gorilla. The double 

 fangs of the premolars render the alveolar border or ' process ' of the Gorilla's maxillary bone 

 more complex than it is in Man ; and it is tumid, and produced anteriorly by the sockets for 

 the enormous canines. The premaxillaries differ from those of Man by their vastly greater 

 proportional size, their greater prominence, the longer persistence of their sutures with the 

 maxillaries and their nasal processes. The extent of their palatal part removes the prepalatal 

 foramina further back from the alveoli, and these foramina are double, or not so completely 

 blended into a single hole below, as in Man. Their median suture with each other, instead 

 of being supported on a prominent ridge at the anterior surface of the bone, as in Man, is sunk 

 into a smooth fossa, and the nasal ridges for the support of the septum narium commence 

 quite within the nostril behind an arched transverse eminence or bar. 



The malar bone, besides its superior relative size, has a more convex exterior surface, which 

 is turned more towards the front of the face than in Man : the line of the malomaxillary 

 suture descends more directly downwards and outwards ; in Man it extends more outwards 

 before it descends, the suborbital angle of the malar being longer, more slender and pointed 

 than in the Gorilla ; the orbital margin is sharp in Caucasians, but is rounded off in Austra- 

 lians. The posterior border of the ectorbital or frontal process of the malar is straight at its 

 commencement, not convex as in Man : the entorbital plate of the malar extends further 

 backwards, and unites in a smaller proportion with the alisphenoid than with the frontal ; it 

 is imperforate. The zygomatic suture is a regular or slightly wavy oblique line, not made 

 angular or curved by a sudden notch in the upper part of the zygomatic process of the malar, 

 as in Man. 



The zygomatic portion of the squamosal equals in depth the malar portion of the arch, and 

 is not shallower, as in Man : the postglenoid process is stronger and projects down more 

 freely, and relatively lower as respects the tympanic. The squamous plate is lower and more 



