796 



flattened end of the Human clavicle for the attachment of ligaments are less marked in the 

 Gorilla. 



The humerus is one foot five inches and a half in length, and has a proportionally thicker 

 shaft than in Man ; the tuherosities and bicipital groove are more strongly developed at the 

 proximal end ; there is a rough surface for the attachment of the pectoral muscle, but it is 

 not developed into a ridge as in Man ; the rough surface for the deltoid is well-marked ; the 

 supinator ridge is more strongly developed and rougher than in Man, and terminates by a 

 strongly-marked angle or tuberosity at the outer condyle. The medullary artery enters the 

 inner side nearer its middle than in Man. The inner condyle is more strongly developed, 

 and the ridge leading to it is more marked than in Man. The olecranal cavity is relatively 

 larger, deeper, and better defined ; its contour is triangular. The distal end of the humerus 

 is bent more forwards in the Gorilla. The trochlear concavity of the ulnar division of the 

 articular surface is less deep than in Man, and that surface is continued farther upon the 

 inner side of the prominence in the left ; there is an intercondyloid vacuity above the ulnar 

 division of the articular surface. 



The ulna is one foot two inches in length without its distal epiphysis, and its shaft is rela- 

 tively thicker than in Man ; it is more bent with the concavity forwards ; the outer border 

 of the greater sigmoid cavity is more produced in the Gorilla, and is entire ; the lower border 

 is less produced ; there is a deeper concavity on the inner side of the head of the bone ; the 

 rough surface for the insertion of the brachialis anticus is relatively longer and better defined, 

 especially by the ridge on its outer side : the interosseous ridge is not developed from the 

 shaft in the Gorilla ; in its place there is a broad rough depression, and the fore part of the 

 shaft is more convex and smoother than in Man ; the medullary artery enters the fore part 

 of the shaft below the proximal third, and the canal extends proximad. 



The radius is one foot one inch in length without the distal epiphysis, and its shaft is rela- 

 tively thicker than in Man ; the contour of the proximal end is a full ellipse, not circular as 

 in Man ; the shaft is more bent outwards than in Man, which with the greater opposite bend 

 of the ulna leaves a wide interosseous space between the bones ; the ridge for the interosseous 

 ligament is developed from the ulnar side of the shaft, beginning as low as the lower fourth 

 of the bone ; the ridge dividing the depression or the extensor tendons of the digits from the 

 extensor tertii intermedii and the groove for that tendon is less developed in the Gorilla, in 

 accordance with the minor development of the thumb of that hand. 



The carpus consists of eight bones as in Man, the scaphoi'des not being divided as in the 

 Qrang. The scaphoides is one-third larger than that of Man, being one inch seven lines in 

 length, and differs in the production of a strong tuberous process beyond the surface for the 

 radius ; this surface is more elongate than in Man : the trapezial surface is more convex : the 

 surface for the magnum less concave and smaller in proportion to the convex crescentic sur- 

 face continued from it to the trapezial surface. In the proportionate extent of the tuberous 

 process, the Gorilla surpasses the Chimpanzee. The os lunare having the same superior pro- 

 portion in size to that of Man, more closely resembles it in shape. The pisiforme is more 

 than three times the size of that in Man, is much longer in proportion to its breadth ; its 

 articular surface is undulating, not flat : the trapezium, although one-third larger than in Man, 

 has a smaller articular surface for the pollex, which is more convex. The tuberosity external 



