&O&IM ft- 



798 



shaft ; its length is one foot three inches ; the head is more relieved from the neck, and 

 shows a less deep depression for the ligamentum teres ; the neck is less oblique than in Man ; 

 the great trochanter rises to a level with the upper border of the head ; the small trochanter is 

 less prominent, but has a larger base than in Man, and is more remote from the great tro- 

 chanter ; the digital fossa at the root of the great trochanter is less deep in the Gorilla. The 

 linea aspera is less developed, and the back part of the lower half of the shaft is flat and 

 smooth : the inner angle of the popliteal space presents a well-marked rough depression, 



^*.i r in. U. ifat*. 0n* /^c. wn ich is not present in the Human femur, and the shaft more gradually expands to the con- 



.i dyles. The outer articular condyle is narrower than the inner one, the reverse being the 

 IJff^i cage m jyj an . ^ e inner con dyle is not longer than the outer one, as in Man. The rotular 

 surface is shallower, the lateral borders are better defined : the medullary artery enters the 

 middle of the back part of the shaft, and the course of the canal is proximad or upward. 



The length of the tibia is one foot six lines, and its shaft is as thick as in Man, and expands 

 more gradually to the distal end : the conformation of the proximal surface is similar to that 

 in Man ; the spine is rather stronger, and an anterior spine or tuberosity is more distinctly 

 developed. The internal tuberosity in front of the fibular one is better defined ; the inter- 

 osseous ridge is very feebly marked in the Gorilla, and the anterior ridge of the shaft is much 

 less marked than in Man. The astragalar surface is more undulating, less concave, and more 

 directly continued upon the internal malleolus : the side of the distal end next the fibula 

 instead of being concave forms an angular projection. There are two orifices for medullary 

 arteries, one in the usual position directed downwards, the second at the junction of the middle 

 and lower thirds, sloping upwards : the upper surface for the fibula is convex. The corre- 

 sponding part of the fibula presents an articular concavity : this bone is stronger in propor- 

 tion to its length than in Man ; the lower articular surface of the fibula is flatter and divided 

 into two facets more distinctly than in Man. 



The tarsus consists of seven bones, as in Man and the Quadrumana. The astragalus of the 

 Gorilla equals in size that of Man, but is broader in proportion to its length : the surface for 

 the tibia is less defined, especially from the inner facet, which in the Gorilla is almost hori- 

 zontal and appears as a concave inner termination of the upper surface. The anterior surface 

 is more convex, especially vertically, and more directly continued into the anterior calcaneal 

 surface. The inner tuberosity is larger and more advanced : the Gorilla differs from the 

 Chimpanzee in the greater size of this process, and in the greater proportional size of the 

 scaphoid convexity, in which respect its astragalus more resembles that of Man. The calca- 

 neum of the Gorilla is a longer and more slender bone than in Man, which is chiefly due to 

 the greater length and slenderness of the posterior or calcaneal process. The lower surface 

 of the bone is smoother, narrower and more concave longitudinally ; the groove for the flexor 

 tendons beneath the inner astragalar surface is wider and better defined : that astragalar sur- 

 face is broader in proportion to its length, and there is a deep longitudinal groove on the 

 outer side below the outer astragalar surface, which does not exist in Man. The anterior 

 cuboidal surface is placed further from the outer side of the bone than in Man ; the outer 

 side forming a rough convex protuberance at its anterior half. The calcaneal process is pro- 

 portionally longer than in the Chimpanzee, and in that respect comes nearer the form of the 

 bone in Man. The naviculare is one-third larger than in Man, the increase being in its trans- 



