808 



5190. The fifth cervical vertebra. 



The anterior concavity of the body is less deep than in the Chimpanzee. The antero- 

 posterior extent of the centrum is absolutely less and relatively much less in breadth. The 

 costal portion is now more developed than the diapophysial portion of the transverse process, 

 which appears to form a short broad plate with the angles bent forwards. The zygapophyses 

 are relatively much larger than in the Chimpanzee : the antero-posterior extent of the neural 

 arch is greater : the neural spine is much shorter, thicker, and is sub-bifurcate. The anterior 

 margin of the neural arch is sharper than in the Chimpanzee. 



5191. The sixth cervical vertebra. 



The Human characteristics of this vertebra are shown in the greater relative increase in the 

 size of the centrum, especially transversely, with the minor degree of the anterior concavity 

 and posterior transverse convexity of the centrum. The pleurapophysial parts of the trans- 

 verse processes are more produced outwards in proportion to the diapophysial parts : the 

 zygapophyses continue to present their characteristic superiority of size ; and the neural spine, 

 although here of greater length, is inferior in this respect to that in the Chimpanzee. The 

 antero-posterior extent of the neurapophyses is greater in Man, and their anterior border is 

 sharper. 



5192. The seventh cervical vertebra. 



The increase of breadth in the centrum, the increase of the antero-posterior extent of the 

 neural arch, and in the length and thickness of the neural spine, is somewhat greater in this 

 vertebra, as compared with the sixth cervical, than in the Chimpanzee. The costal part of 

 the transverse process, completing the arterial foramen, is thicker than in the Chimpanzee : 

 the diapophysis is shorter, but much thicker. 



5193. The first dorsal vertebra. 



The body is relatively larger than in the Chimpanzee, particularly anteriorly : it is less 

 convex below. The transverse processes are thicker and are more inclined upwards and for- 

 wards : the spinous process is thicker and relatively shorter. 



5194. The second dorsal vertebra. 



The centrum is increased in vertical and antero-posterior extent: the anterior zygapo- 

 physes are nearer to each other and are produced more forwards than in the first dorsal, 

 whereby the anterior notch of the neural arch becomes deeper and narrower. The diapo- 

 physes are longer and thinner. The neural spine is also thinner, and the posterior zygapo- 

 physes are smaller. This vertebra differs from its homologue in the Chimpanzee in the more 

 upward direction of the diapophyses and the more outward aspect of their articular surface. 

 The anterior emargination of the neural arch is less deep : the neural spine is absolutely 

 shorter and smaller. The body is relatively as well as absolutely larger, and the pedicles of 

 the neural arch are higher and longer in conformity with the wider neural canal. 



