S71 



5581. The second to the tenth dorsal vertebrae inclusive. 



In each of these the aspect of the costal surface of the diapophysis is more directly down- 

 wards than in either the Esquimaux or Australian. 



5582. The eleventh dorsal vertebra. 



This vertebra is characterized, as in the Esquimaux and Australian, by the development of 

 well-marked metapophyses from the upper and fore part of the diapophyses, which are shorter 

 and less thick than in the foregoing vertebrae. The surface for the head of the rib has passed 

 upon the side of the neural arch. This differs from the preceding vertebra in the distinct 

 development of the metapophyses, in the diminished size of the diapophyses, which now cease 

 to show the well-defined articular surface, and in the diminished length with increased thick- 

 ness of the spine. 



5583. The twelfth dorsal vertebra. 



/ 



This differs from that of the Esquimaux in the articular surface for the rib being still con- 

 fined to the side of the base of the neurapophysis and not transferred to the diapophysis, 

 which is short and obtusely pointed. The neural spine has a less antero-posterior extent, 

 and a more expanded summit. This vertebra differs from the eleventh dorsal in the super- 

 addition of small but distinct anapophyses, in the increase of the metapophyses and diminu- 

 tion of the diapophyses. The posterior zygapophyses are smaller, and are convex, instead of 

 flat or slightly concave, surfaces ; and those surfaces are turned more obliquely outwards. 

 The hinder half of the neural arch is narrower. 



6584. The first lumbar vertebra. 



This differs from that of the Esquimaux in having the metapophysial tubercles larger and 

 the anapophysial ones smaller : the diapophyses are shorter, but broader : the neural canal is 

 wider in proportion to the size of the centrum. As compared with that of the Australian, 

 besides the general superiority of size, the difference is chiefly marked in the much longer 

 and larger diapophysis of the Frenchman's vertebra. As compared with the last dorsal ver- 

 tebra, besides the usual difference of absence of the costal articular surface may be noted the 

 diminution of the metapophysis and its approximation to the anterior zygapophysis, which 

 has now a concave surface directed obliquely upwards and inwards. The two tubercles, which 

 terminate the posterior ridge of the neural spine below in the tenth, eleventh and twelfth 

 dorsal vertebrae, are here further apart and advanced upon the back part of the posterior 

 zygapophyses. 



5585. The second lumbar vertebra. 



The transverse processes of this vertebra are relatively longer than in the Australian, and 

 the spine is higher in proportion to its antero-posterior extent. The tubercles behind the 

 posterior zygapophyses are more distinctly developed. The anapophyses have subsided to 

 mere ridges. 



