VIII. 



Growing Predominance of the Psychical Life. 

 us note one further aspect of 



this mighty revolution. In its 

 lowly beginnings the psychical 

 life was merely an appendage to the life 

 of the body. The avoidance of enemies, 

 the securing of food, the perpetuation of 

 the species, make up the whole of the 

 lives of lower animals, and the rudiments 

 of memory, reason, emotion, and volition 

 were at first concerned solely with the 

 achievement of these ends in an increas- 

 ingly indirect, complex, and effective way. 

 Though the life of a large portion of the 

 human race is still confined to the pursuit 

 of these same ends, yet so vast has been 

 the increase of psychical life that the 

 simple character of the ends is liable to be 

 lost sight of amid the variety, the indirect- 



