XL 



Universal Warfare of Primeval Men. 

 N speaking of the higher altruistic 



feelings as being antagonistic to 

 the continuance of warfare, I did 

 not mean to imply that warfare can ever 

 be directly put down by our horror of cru- 

 elty or our moral disapproval of strife. 

 The actual process is much more indirect 

 and complex than this. In respect of 

 belligerency the earliest men were doubt- 

 less no better than brutes. They were 

 simply the most crafty and formidable 

 among brutes. To get food was the prime 

 necessity of life, and as long as food was 

 obtainable only by hunting and fishing, 

 or otherwise seizing upon edible objects 

 already in existence, chronic and universal 

 quarrel was inevitable. The conditions of 

 the struggle for existence were not yet 



