XII. 



First checked by the Beginnings of Industrial 

 Civilisation. 



UT presently man's superior intel- 

 ligence came into play in such 

 wise that other and better meth- 

 ods of getting food were devised. When 

 in intervals of peace men learned to rear 

 flocks and herds, and to till the ground, 

 and when they had further learned to ex- 

 change with one another the products of 

 their labour, a new step, of most profound 

 significance, was taken. Tribes which 

 had once learned how to do these things 

 were not long in overcoming their neigh- 

 bours, and flourishing at their expense, for 

 agriculture allows a vastly greater popula- 

 tion to live upon a given area, and in 

 many ways it favours social compactness. 

 An immense series of social changes was 



6 



