306 ACROSS AFRICA. [CHAl^ 



November, ba — that seen bj Dr. Livingstone to the north of Moero being 

 1874. really called the Luvwa, although the Arabs and others from 

 the East Coast commonly call both branches Lualaba. 



Before proceeding farther, it will be well to give a descrip- 

 tion of the extent of Urua, and some of the cnstoms of its in- 

 habitants. 



Urua proper commences just sonth of Tipo-tipo's camp, and 

 extends to nine degrees south latitude. It is bounded on the 

 west by the Lomami, and on the east by the tribes fringing the 

 shores of the Tanganyika. In the centre of this country lies 

 the territory of Ma Kazembe, who is tributary to Mata Yafa. 

 the chief of Ulunda. 



Kasongo also claims dominion over some tribes on the Tan 

 ganyika, including the Waguhha, the northernmost of his sub- 

 jects settled on that lake. Miriro and Msama, chiefs of Itawa. 

 are tributary to him, as also are the Kasongo at Tipo-tipo's carajj 

 and Russuna. Ussambi, lying to the west of the Lomami, is 

 likewise part of the dominions of Kasongo ; but many of the 

 Wassambi pay tribute to Mata Yafa as well ; for, being close to 

 his dominions, they are subject to the raids of his people if 

 they refuse to comply with his demands. 



The vast territory claimed by Kasongo is divided into many 

 districts, each (mis-) governed by a kilolo, or captain. Some of 

 these are hereditary governors, and others are appointed by 

 Kasongo for a term of four years. At the expiration of that 

 time they may either be re-appointed or transferred to another 

 district, if they have given satisfaction, or be relegated to ]>ri 

 vate life; but if Kasongo is displeased with them, he orders 

 them to be deprived of noses, ears, or hands. 



The ranks of the Warua are M^ell defined, and great deference 

 is exacted by superiors from those below them in the social scale. 

 An instance of this which came to my notice specially im- 

 pressed itself on my memory. A pei-son of some rank himself 

 ventured to sit down when in conversation with me, forgetful 

 that one of his superiors was standing by. . Instantly he was 

 called aside and lectured on the enormity of his offense, and I 

 afterward heard that, had it not been for my presence, this 

 would probably have cost him his ears. 



The punishments inflicted by Kasongo, and those high in au- 



