XXXVI.] VEGETABLE AND MINERAL PRODUCTS. 475 



though some is found near Mbuamaji, Laadani, and other 

 places. The tree still grows near the coast, and in the very 

 centre of the continent is again met with ; and Arabs have as- 

 sured me that they have found the semi-fossil gum when dig- 

 ging pits. 



Hemp. — A very long-stapled hemp is found on the island of 

 Ubwari, in the Tanganyika; and the fibrous barks of many 

 trees are made into such excellent cordage that the place of 

 hemps is quite supplied by them. 



The animal products are — 



Ivory ^ of elephants and hippopotami, their hides, and those 

 of other wild animals. 



Hides of cattle might also be obtained in great quantities 

 from the countries of the Masai, the Gallas, the Wasukuma, 

 the Wagogo, Waganda, Wahumba, and others. 



Bees-wax forms an important article of export from Kibokwe 

 and Lovale ; and as bees are common throughout Africa, and 

 in many places are hived iii order to obtain the honey easily, a 

 very large trade might soon be established in wax, which at 

 present is often thrown away as useless. 



Among minerals — 



Iron takes the first place. It is worked in the north-west 

 portion of Unyanyembe, whence it is carried in all directions. 

 Hoes made there are even exported to the coast by down cara- 

 vans. Hematite ore is common all about the country of Un- 

 yamwezi, and is found in Ubudjwa and Uhiya, as also at and 

 about Munza, in Urua. In Manyuema there is a beautiful 

 black speculum ore in great quantities, and the iron produced 

 from it is much valued. Dr. Livingstone also discovered nmch 

 iron to the westward of Lake Nyassa. In Kibokwe nodules of 

 ore are dredged uj) from the streams. 



Coal has been for some time known on the Zambesi, and I 

 heard of it near Munza, in Itawa, from which place I obtained 

 a specimen, and I believe that I saw it on Lake Tanganyika. 



Copper is found in large quantities at Katanga, and for a 

 considerable distance to the westward. 



Gold is also found at Katanga; and when I was with Ilamed 

 ibn Hamed he showed me a calabash, holding about a quart, 

 full of nuggets, varying in size from the top of my little finger 



