INTRODUCTION Ivii 



probably during the democratic Commonwealth, been erect- 

 ed to the east of Whitehall, and were surrounded by fields. 

 These fields were to be divided into blocks of about 20 to 

 40 acres, and palisades or fences of shrubs were to enclose 

 belts of 150 feet or more between the various fields. The 

 fences were to be formed or filled with sweetbriar, pericly- 

 mena, woodbine, jessamine, syringa, guelder-rose, musk and 

 other roses, broom, juniper, lavender, and so on, * but above 

 all Rosemary, the Flowers whereof are credibly reported to 

 give their sent above thirty Leagues off at Sea, upon the 

 coasts of Spain. Those who take notice of the Sent of the 

 Orange-Rowers from the Rivage of GenOa, and St. Pietro deir 

 Arena ; the Blosomes of Rosemary from the Coasts of Spain 

 many leagues off at Sea ; or the manifest and odoriferous 

 wafts which flow from Fontenoy and Vaugirard, even to Paris 

 in the season of Roses, with the contrary Effects of those less 

 pleasing smells from other accidents, will easily consent to 

 what I suggest : And, I am able to enumerate a Catalogue 

 of native Plants, and such as are familiar to our Country and 

 Clime, whose redolent and agreeable Emissions would even 

 ravish our senses, as well as perfectly improve the Aer about 

 London; and that, without the least prejudice to the Owners 

 and Proprietors of the Land to be employ'd about it. ' 

 Evelyn further recommended ' That the Spaces, or Area 

 between these Pallisads, and Fences, be employ'd in Beds and 

 Bordures of Pinks, Carnations, Clove, Stock-gilly-fiower, Prim- 

 roses, Auriculas, Violets, not forgetting the White, which are 

 in flower twice a year, April and August; Cowslips, Lillies, 

 Narcissus, Strawberries, whose very leaves as well as fruit, 

 emit a Cardiague, and most refreshing Halitus : also Parietria 

 Lutea, Musk, Lemmon, and Mastick : Thyme, Spike, Cammo- 

 mile, Balm, Mint, Marjoram, Pimpernel, Serpillum, etc., which 

 upon the least pressure and cutting, breathe out and betray 

 their ravishing Odors. ' Plantations of trees were also to be 

 made and nurseries formed, which would have the additional 

 advantage, besides mere beauty and ornament, of providing 

 for the fields ' better Shelter, and Pasture for Sheep and 

 Cattel then now ; that they lie bleak, expos'd and abandon'd 

 to the winds, which perpetually invade them. ' It is said 

 that the planting of Lime trees in St. James' Park was due 



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