26 RAMALItfA. 



12. E. pusilla (Prev.); thallus tufted, inflated and hollow, 

 foraminous ; [either short- and few-lobed, turgid, wrinkled, and 

 rather rnembranaceous, as in the original, Southern-European 

 lichen, or] more rigid, soon narrowed, and branched; apothecia 

 oftener sub-terminal, finally sub-pedicellate. Spores ellipsoid^ 



and oblong-ellipsoid, mostly straight, ^~ mic. Fr. L. E. p. 29. 



Schcer. Enum. p. 8. Nyl. Syn. I, p. 295. 



p. geniculata; terete-compressed, smooth, dichotomously- at 

 length much-branched, the tips somewhat digitately divided, 

 and now sorediiferous ; apothecia small to middling-sized, at- 

 tached just below the deflexed tips. E. geniculata, Hook. f. 



& Tayl. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 3, p. 655, & It. inflata, of the same, 

 Fl. Antarct. I, p. 194, t. 79, f. 1. Nyl. Recogn. Ramal, p. 63-5. 

 E. minuscula, Nyl. Lich. Lapp. Or. p. 114 ; Recogn. p. 66. 



Trees, White Mountains, and in Maine; Tuckerman Gen. 

 1872. Canada, A. T. Drummond. Arctic America,, Herb. Hook. 



Oregon, E. Hall. The cortical layer varies in thickness ; but 



only as it is found to vary in R. pollinaria, and other species, in 

 which the inner, distinctly filamentous portion is now deficient : 

 and this variation appears quite insufficient to separate the 

 original R. pusilla (Portugal, Welwitsch! Italy, Massalongo!) 

 from the otherwise similar Australian lichen (Van Diemen's 

 land, Herb Bonder ! perhaps R. Tasmanica, Nyl. Recogn. p. 64) 

 here associated with it. The plants we have noticed are easily 

 comparable with R. calicaris, v.fraxinea; and, like.R. calicaris, 

 R. pusilla passes readily into a narrower, much-branched state 

 (Java, Junghuhn.' shores and islands of the China Sea; Japan ; 

 and Cape of Good Hope ; Wright ! Venezuela, Herb. V. d. Bosch /) 

 which is our /?. From this last, the North American lichen, and 

 the only form as yet published from the north of Europe (Lap- 

 land, Fellman ! ) are quite inseparable. Thallus at length more 

 or less constricted immediately under the apothecia, even in the 

 Portuguese specimens ; which thus differ little in this respect 

 from the others, with their distinctly sub-pedicellate, or sub- 

 sessile fruit. The spores of the original R. pusilla are taken by 

 Nylander 1. c., for smaller than those of his R. Tasmanica ; but 

 this difference also disappears in the Italian lichen (Mass. Ital. 

 n. 175). 



13. R. pollinaria (Ach.) ; thallus tufted, rather membranace- 

 ous, flaccid, lacunose, irregularly or as if torn-branched, burst- 



