RAMALINA. 27 



ing, especially at the tips, into conspicuous, dilated soredia; 

 apothecia small to middling-sized, sub-terminal. " Spores ob- 

 long, ^ mic." L. U. p. 608. Fr. L. E. p. 31. Nyl. Eecogn. 



Eamal. p. 52. 



Trees, rarely; and rocks; New England, Tuckerman Gen. 

 1872. New Mexico, Fendler. Our plants, which are all ster- 

 ile, belong to the northern form (Eabenh. Lich. Eur. n. 102, 766), 

 which is especially near to E. calicaris, v. farinacea; and the 

 much-dilated, flattish, dichotomously laciniate state of other 

 European regions is quite unknown here, though it occurs well- 

 marked in Peru (Winterfeld!). Of the specimens before me, a 

 minute, pulvinate form, found on stone walls in Massachusetts, 

 and in Rhode Island, is the most distinct. 



14. R. polymorpha (Ach.); thallus tufted, compressed, rigid,, 

 longitudinally costate, sub-simple or at length irregularly much 

 divided, the branches besprinkled or terminated by granulate,, 

 often capitate soredia; apothecia smallish to middling-sized, 



sub-terminal. " Spores oblong, mic." L. U. p. 600. Fr. L. 



E. p. 32. Nyl. Eecogn. Eamal. p. 50. 



Rocks, North America; Muhlenberg Catal. 1818. Newfound- 

 laud, Despreaux. Arctic America, Wright. Soredia not mealy, 



as in the last species, and E. calicaris, v. farinacea; and the lichen 

 much more rigid. Delise referred here a Newfoundland lichen- 

 (Despreaux, in herb. Spreng.l), which has since occurred, in a 

 better-developed state, in islands of Behring's Straits (Wright), 

 but this differs, in several respects, from the European plant ; 

 and the latter is, at present, scarcely known as North American. 



15. E. scopulorum (Dicks.) Ach. ; thallus tufted, thickish, 

 terete or much-compressed, coriaceous -cartilagineous, rigid, 

 mostly polished; sub -simple or divaricately much -branched, 

 finally often elongated, and pendulous ; apothecia smallish to- 

 middling-sized, pedicellate, the margin soon reflexed. " Spores- 

 oblong, straight, ^ mic." Lichen. Dicks. PI. Crypt. 3, p. 18. 



Ach. L. U.p. 604," *Syn.p. 297. Fr. L. E. p. 32. Nyl. Syn. l r 

 p. 292. 



Maritime rocks. North America, Nylander I. c. 1860. I have 

 seen no American specimens ; but the lichen inhabits Lapland, 

 and Iceland ; and Mr. Wright found it in Japan. 



