54 PARHELIA. 



Trees, and also (in mostly sterile states) on stones, common ; 

 very luxuriant and fertile on the eastern Coast, the apothecia 

 exceeding at length an inch in diameter, and the lichen observed 

 early. Virginia (J. Mitchell), Dillenius Hist. Muse. 1741. Penn- 

 sylvania, J. Bartram. Canada and Carolina, Mickaux. Mexico,. 

 Nylander. Pacific Coast, Menzles. * Texas ( Trecul) and Mex- 

 ico, Nylander, 1860. Louisiana, Hale. South Carolina, EaveneL 



Ohio, Lesquereux. Wisconsin, Lapham. Both Acharius, 



and Fries, laid stress on the lobes of this species being ciliate, 

 and denied the character to P. perlata ; a view which the evi- 

 dence of the North American lichens appears certainly to con- 

 firm. And the sterile European lichens, of late years referred 

 to a P. perlata, v. ciliata (Herb. Borr. ; Zwackh Exs. n. 56 ; Herb r 

 Koerb. ; Anz. Lick. Ital., n. 100, and even 101 ; Welwitsch Cr. 

 Lusit. n. 77; as also P. proboscidea, Tayl., and P. reticulata. 

 Tayl.) are, in fact, whether we regard the ultimate division of 

 the summits of the lobes, or their hispid under side, quite as 

 much at home in the present species. 



2(b). P. cetrata, Ach. ; thallus dilated, of the colour of the 

 last, but rather thinner, smooth above; black and hispid be- 

 neath ; the sinuate-laciniate lobes (now conspicuously sore- 

 diiferous at the margins) soon narrowed, and passing into more 

 or less finger-shaped, at length prolonged and everniaeform, 



scarcely ciliate lobules ; apothecia and spores as in the last. 



Ach. Syn. p. 198. P. perforata, b, Fr. L. E. p. 58. Nyl. I. c. 



Trees, and also on stones, throughout our territory, Acharius r 

 Syn. 1814; but reaching its perfection at the west (Illinois, 

 Hall; Ohio, Lesquereux, etc.) and south (Carolina, Schweinitz ; 



Mavenel; Louisiana, Hale; Texas, Wright). P. perforata 



differs from P. perlata as well in its strongly fibrillose under 

 side, as in the tendency of its normally ciliate lobes, to pass, 

 at the margins, into smaller ones. This tendency becomes very 

 marked in the present ; and fragmentary specimens have been 

 referred, in European herbaria, to Evernia. 



2(c). P. subrugata, Krempelh. ; thallus of the colour and 

 texture of the last; 'black,' or now pale, and for the most part 

 naked beneath ; the lobes passing, as in the last, into smaller, 

 convolute marginal ones, which are ciliate with strong fibrils ; 

 apothecia ample, cyathiform, strongly scrobiculate on the out- 

 side, the margin torn-crenuate, becoming lobulate. Spores r 

 ^l mic. Exot. Flecht. p. 18. 



