60 PARMELIA. 



destitute of fibrils; lobes plano-convex, somewhat ascendant, 

 sinuately many-cleft, now crowded, and at length complicate, 

 terminating not seldom in white soredia ; apothecia middling to 

 large ; disk chestnut, with a rather entire margin. Spores sub- 

 ellipsoid, *^ rnic. Adi. Syn. p. 218. Tuckerm. Syn. N. Eng. 



p. 28 ; Lick. exs. n. 72. P. ceratopliylla, Sclmr. Spicil. p. 458. 



b. obscurata, Ach. ; thallus brown, and blackening. 



Ach. I c. 



c. enter omorpha, Tuckerm. ; lobes wider and less divided, 

 ventricose-inflated, now shorter and complicated, and now elon- 

 gated and everuioid, rarely black-margined ; apothecia (abun- 

 dant) ventricose-cyathiform, at length very large. Syn. N. 



Eng. I. c., in part. Parm. enteromorpha, Acli. I. c. p. 219. 



d. vittata, Ach. ; lobes mostly lax, linear, elongated, more or 

 less black-margined; apothecia (abundant) ventricose-cyathi- 

 form, and dilated. Ach. I. c. 



A common lichen, a, on rocks and dead wood, rather rarely 

 fertile, and also on trunks (Muhlenberg Catal. 1818), very com- 

 monly fertile on spruce, in mountains, and passing into d. 

 b, alpine rocks, Arctic America, Herb. Hook. Islands of Behr- 



ing's Straits, Wright. c, trees, West Coast, from California 



(Menzies) Ach.Meth. 1803, to Alaska; Dr. Kellogg. d, trees, 



West Coast (Menzies] Ach. sub P. duplicata, 1803. On spruces 

 in the White Mountains, Tuckerman. , 



9(b). P. encausta (Sm.) Nyl. ; thallus less, or scarcely in- 

 flated, glaucous-cinerascent ; the crowded, narrowed, convex, 

 wrinkled lobes at length complicate, and passing irregularly, 

 more or less, into very narrow, teretish, and torulose ones; 

 [apothecia middling to large; spores much as in the last preced- 

 ing]. NyL Syn. 1, p. 401; Scand. p. 104. P. physodes p, 



FT. L. E. p. 64. 



b. alpicola, Nyl. ; a blackened, alpine condition. P. alpi- 



cola, Tli. Fr. Scand. p. 125. 



Alpine rocks, a, Greenland (Vahl.) Th. Fries I c. 1860. 

 White Mountains, infertile. St. Elmo, Colorado, Brandegee in 

 herb. Sprague. &, Greenland, Vahl. Mt. Hood, Oregon, fer- 

 tile, Hall. The lichen is well differenced by its almost total 



want of inflation, and very narrow and irregular, crowded lobes, 

 and is confined here, to alpine districts. P. alpicola, Th. Fr., is 



