P AM ARIA. 119 



* * * * Pannaria proper. The characters of this central 

 group of the always equivocal genus before us, are sufficiently 

 various. Thallus, in the highest expressions, foliaceous; but 

 soon squamulose; and disappearing at length in crustaceous 

 states ; the spongy hypothallus becomingln like manner reduced, 

 and now obsolete. Gonimous system constituted of gonimia, 

 which are more or less concatenate, and distinctly gelatinous, 

 interspersed, in the highest forms, among rather loose medul- 

 lary filaments ; these passing, in the inferior ones, into a paren- 

 chymatous tissue. Apothecia largely lecanorine; but also 

 biatorine; and both sorts sometimes in one and the same 

 species. Spores simple, except in n. 12. (Pannaria, Nyl. emend.). 



4. P.pannosa (Sw.) Delis. ; thallus ample, foliaceous, orbic- 

 ular, thin-membranaceous, smooth ; from livid-glaucous becom- 

 ing ash-coloured and brown ; the radiant, narrowed, flattish, 

 many-cleft (now isidiophorous) divisions either connate or dis- 

 crete, seated upon and bordered by a dense, black hypothal- 

 lus ; [apothecia, of the tropical lichen, of middling size, sessile ; 

 either lecanorine, with incurved, crenate margin; or zeorine; 

 or biatorine ; the disk from pale- at length dark-reddish-brown, 

 and the entire, proper margin finally black. Spores ovoid- 

 ellipsoid and sub-fusiform, commonly brownish, ^5 mic. 



Parmelia, Ach. L. U. p. 465. 



Trees, in tropical countries ; occurring here, but as yet only 

 seen infertile, in the low country of South Carolina (Eavenel) 



Tuckerm. Gen. 1872 ; as of Louisiana, Hale. The original 



lichen of Swartz (Lich. Amer. t. 5) and Acharius, had only 

 biatorine fruit, while Nylander (Disp. Psor. & Pann.) has recog- 

 nized only lecanorine. The lecanorine state is perhaps, to 

 judge by my herbarium, the more frequent of the two ; but I 

 observe no other differences. 



5. P. rubiginosa (Thunb.) Delis. ; thallus smallish, foliace- 

 ous, orbicular, membranaceous, smoothish ; from ashy-greenish 

 becoming yellowish-gray, livid, and lead-coloured ; the radiant, 

 approximate, rather broad and concave, imbricate divisions 

 with dilated and multifid tips, and raised, crenate margins ; the 

 dense, and margining hypothallus bluish-black; apothecia 

 smallish to middling, lecanorine, sessile; disk rusty-brown, 

 margin crenulate. Spores rounded, and ovoid, simple, decolor- 

 ate, mic. Parmelia, Fr. L. E. p. 88. Schcer. Spirit, p. 462. 



