P ANN ARIA. 121 



sub -imbricate, bluntly lobed and notched, and longitudinally 

 striate ; those of the circumference elongated and radiant, the 

 central ones crowded and crust-like ; blackening beneath; apo- 

 thecia small, lecanorine, appressed, the margin at length cre- 

 nate, the flat disk from reddish-brown soon blackening. Spores 



broad- ellipsoid, simple, decelerate, ~ mic. Th. Fr. Lick. 



Arct. p. 73. P. leucolepis (Wahl.) Nyl. Scand. p. 123. 

 Rocks, Greenland (Vahl), Th. Fries I. c. 1861. 



9. P. brunnea (Sw.) Mass.; thallus squamulose, sub-mem- 

 branaceous, livid-ash-coloured and tawny-brown; squamules 

 minute, now explanate and crenate, and now elongated and dis- 

 sected, imbricate, and heaped together at length into a granu- 

 lose mass; apothecia middling -sized, lecanorine, immersed, 

 very numerous and soon confluent and difibrm, the reddish- 

 brown disk becoming convex and even turgid, and excluding 

 then the commonly persistent, incurved, crenulate margin. 

 Spores oblong -ellipsoid, often pointed - tipped, simple, decel- 

 erate, jjj^ mic. Parmelia, Fr. L. E. p. 93. Tuck. Lich. exs. 



M. 89. Pannaria, Nyl. Scand. p. 123. 



On the earth, Arctic America (Richardson), Hooker I. c. 1823. 

 Greenland, Vahl. Islands of Behring's Straits, Wright. White 

 Mountains, Willey. Coast of Massachusetts, Oakes. Cattskill 

 Mountains, Peck. Rocky Mountains, J. Wolf. 



10. P. microphylla (Sw.) Delis. ; thallus squamulose, cartila- 

 gineous; livid-ash-coloured and glaucescent; the thickish, at 

 first expanded but soon ascendant and imbricated, simply cre- 

 nate squamules compacted at length into a continuous crust ; 

 beneath blackening; apothecia smallish; lecanorine; zeorine; 

 and biatorine ; superficial ; the disk from pale becoming black- 

 ish-brown, soon convex, and excluding the crenate, thalline 

 margin. Spores oblong- ellipsoid, simple, decolorate, ^ mic. 



Parmelia, Fr. L. E. p. 90. Tuck. Lich. exs. n. 110. " Pan- 

 naria, Nyl. Scand. p. 124. 



Rocks, from New England to Virginia, Tuckerman Enum. 

 1845. New York, Sartwell. New Jersey, Austin. Ohio, Les- 

 quereux. New Mexico, Fendler. California (f. Californica, a 

 coarser plant, with larger spores, measuring ^^ mic.), Bolander. 



11. P. lepidiota, Th. Fr.; thallus squamulose, coriaceous; 

 yellowish-brown, lurid, and finally blackening ; squamules mid- 



