122 PAKtfARIA. 



dling-sized, expanded, crenate-lobulate with warty, often gray- 

 sorediate edges; the external ones elongated and radiant; those 

 more central becoming ascendant, closely imbricated, and heaped 

 at last into a granulate, often gray-powdery crust ; upon a thin, 

 black hypothallus ; apothecia smallish to middling, depressed, 

 biatorine; disk from reddish becoming blackish-brown; the 

 thin margin soon excluded. Spores ovoid-ellipsoid, pointed- 

 tipped, simple, decolorate, ^ mic. Th. Fr. Lich. Arct. p. 74. 



P. prcetermissa, Nyl. Scand. p. 124. 



b. coralliphora ; thallus passing into a dense mass of stout, 

 torulose branchlets. 



c. cyanolepra; thallus disappearing in minute, conglomerate, 

 steel-blue granules. P. cyanolepra, Tuckerm. Lich. Calif, p. 17. 



On the earth, and rocks. Greenland (Vahl), Th. Fries, I. c. 

 1861. California, Bolander. Oregon, Hall. Rocky Mountains, 



Brandegee. Northern shore of Lake Superior, Macoun. &, 



Vancouver's Island, Macoun. c, California, on clay, Bolander. 



The Lake Superior specimens are very smooth, but scarcely 



referable to the next species ; they are remarkable for a fibril- 

 lose ring on the under side of the apothecia. But the same feat- 

 ure (elsewhere not unknown in this genus, as compare the ob- 

 servation in Wright Lich. Cub. n. 98) is observable in b, a blacker 

 plant than usual, and so far resembling the var. tristis, Th. Fr. ; 

 and I have detected it also in the European lichen last named. 



c, as originally considered, appeared to be a simply granu- 



lose lichen to be compared with P. nebulosa (Hoffm.), Nyl. In 

 other specimens however the granules are seen to belong to 

 squainules, which I incline (though not without some uncer- 

 tainty) to refer to the present species. 



12. P. carnosa (Dicks.); thallus squamulose - foliaceous, 

 membranaceous ; from pale - yellowish - brown becoming livid, 

 and brownish-chestnut ; the extended and lobe-like, deeply la- 

 ciniate and erose-granulate squamules ascendant and loosely 

 imbricated, or now heaped ; beneath whitish ; apothecia small- 

 ish, biatorine, sessile, flattish, the disk dark-red, the at first 

 paler margin thin and entire. Spores from ellipsoid and simple ; 

 becoming oblong-fusiform and bilocular ; mostly decolorate, ^ 



mic. Parmelia, Schcsr. Spicil. p. 566. Pannaria muscorum, 



Nyl. Scand. p. 127. 



Rocks among mosses. Great Bear Lake, Arctic America, 



