134 ETJCOLLEMEI. 



Kocks beyond the tides, but within reach of the sea in storms, 

 Cape Ann, Mass., Tucker man in Schwendener I c. 1869. Hol- 

 lows retaining water longest in otherwise dry rocks, at least five 

 miles from the sea, New Bedford, Mass., Willey. 



No exceptions having occurred, and the normal L. confinis 

 being unknown to us, this remarkable medley of alien organisms 

 must not only stand with us for Licliina, but, as Schwendener 

 has remarked, must be admitted, without further investigation, 

 to speak at any rate for, rather than against the theory of para- 

 sitism. At the same time, it cannot be denied that while L. 

 Willeyi exhibits the living together in most intimate association 

 of two plants of distinct Classes, the one penetrating indeed the 

 other, and assuming the place even (it should seem) of a part of 

 the typical, internal structure of the other, the two are always 

 distinct; and the zigzag chains of Lichina-gommia which are 

 rarely found in thicker portions of the thallus offer no indication 

 of genetic relationship to the Alga occupying the periphery. 

 And thus, though at first sight appearing possibly to bear with 

 force on the side of parasitism, the complex organism before us 

 is really of smaller account in the argument than some other less 

 pretentious facts. 



Sub-Fam. 2. COLLEMEI proper. 



Thallus foliaceous, now diminished or microphylline ; or, 

 at length, crust-like (granulose, or even filmy) j only excep- 

 tionally fruticulose ; the gonimia disposed in rounded, dicho- 

 tomously branched clusters j or, more commonly, in neck- 

 lace-like chains ; dissolving for the most part, more or less, 

 into a homogeneous pulp, traversed by the hyphse. Medul- 

 lary layer, in the lowest forms, parenchymatous. Apothecia 

 normally scutellseform, but sometimes persistently unde- 

 veloped, or globose. 



The difficulties of arrangement of the intricately correlated 

 and perplexed groups which make up the present Sub-Family 

 have been considered by the author in Genera Lichenum, pp. 

 69-77. The disposition there found preferable will be adopted 

 here, with the single exception that Synalissa symphorea is sep- 

 arated from the granulose species in that work associated with 

 it, and is united with Omphalaria ; from which the writer had , 



