194 LECANORA. 



lose, or oftener disappearing ; brownish-ash-coloured or white ; 

 apothecia small to very small, sessile ; the disk soon convex, 

 from pale becoming dark-brown and blackening, excluding the 

 thin, entire thalline margin. Spores 8-16 in the thekes, oblong, 



often a little curved, 2-4-locular, ^ mic. Nyl. Scand. p. 168. 



Lecania fuscella, etc., Mass. Koero. 



Trees and shrubs, Tuckerman Gen. 1872. British North 

 America, Richardson in herb. Tayl. Canada, and British Colum- 

 bia, Macoun. Massachusetts, on Poplar, etc., Willey. Illinois, 



Hall. North Platte, Hay den. California, Bolander. Spores 



various ; often very largely simple ; and again appearing as if 

 only bilocular, though really reaching finally the 4-locular stage. 

 L. dimera, Nyl., Th. Fr. (Norll. Fenn. n. 141, agreeing en- 

 tirely with plants, also on Poplar, from British Columbia, Ma- 

 coun, and New Bedford, Mass., Willey) is separable by no other 

 note than that the spores do not exceed the bilocular condition. 



Spermatia here first observed by Mr. Willey, needle-shaped, 



and arcuate, about I6 mmm - long. 



28. L. castanea (Hepp.) Th. Fr. ; thallus granulose, cinera- 

 scent, or obsolete; apothecia of middling size, thin and flat; 

 disk from reddish-brown becoming dark-liver-coloured, more or 

 less sparingly pruinose ; the thin, sub-entire margin soon con- 

 colorous, and disappearing. Spores oblong-ellipsoid becoming 

 fusiform-oblong, very commonly simple but at length 2-4-locular, 



^ mic. Biatora, Hepp. exs. n. 270. Lecanora, Th. Fr. Scand. 



p. 272. L. rliypariza, Nyl. Scand. p. 169; Lapp. Or. p. 134. 

 Pannaria curvescens, Mudd Man. p. 125. 



Growing over mosses, in alpine districts. Greenland (Vahl), 

 Th. Fries I. c. 1861 . Rocky Mountains, with Pannaria Hypno- 



rum, Hall. Twin Lakes, Colorado, Wolf. Spores now obso- 



letely 1-3-septate according to Nylander (Lapp. Or.), on which 

 compare Th. Fr. Scand. p. 271. I find the spores commonly and 

 quite regularly 2-3-4-locular in Hepp's specimen; as in Anz. 

 Langol). n. 277 ; and perfectly bilocular, with septum, in our Col- 

 orado one. 



t t t Spores needle-shaped, k-plurilocular. 



29. L. punicea, Ach.; thallus thin, chinky, then wrinkled 

 and granulate ; glaucescent ; apothecia small, closely sessile ; 

 the flattish disk scarlet, about equalling the thin, sub-entire, or 

 finally flexuous and crenulate margin. Spores needle-shaped, 



