RINODDTA. 207 



wrinkled, from pale- at length reddish -brown, and blackening ; 

 the thick, entire, or atJength crenate thalline margin persistent. 



Spores J^j niic. Gen. p. 124. Pann&ria, Tuck. Suppl. 1, I. c. 



p. 424. 



Trunks and rocks. White Mountains, Tuckerman I. c. 1858. 

 Vermont, Frost. Massachusetts, Willey. Illinois, Hall. Can- 

 ada, Drummond. Arctic America, Richardson in herb. Taylor. 

 Apothecia O mra -, 8 to l mm> , 5 wide. 



7. E. turfacea (Wahl.) Nyl.; thallus incrusting, verrucose- 

 granulate; from white at length brownish- ash- coloured; apo- 

 thecia from smallish to middling-sized, appressed or sessile, flat- 

 tish; dislf brownish -black, dull; thalline margin elevated, 



entire or rugulose, persistent. Spores ^^ mic. Th. Fr. Scand. 



p. 195, a. 



b. roscida, Th. Fr. ; apothecia white-pruinose. Th. Fr. I. c. 



c. mniarcea, Nyl. ; apothecia soon convex, excluding the mar- 

 gin ; the disk from dark- cinnamon- coloured blackening. Nyl. 



Scand. p. 151. 



On the earth, and running over mosses, in alpine districts. 

 Greenland (Vahl), Th. Fries I. c. 1861. Islands of Behring's 

 Straits (a, &, c), Wright. White Mountains (a), Tuckerman. 

 North shore of Lake Superior (a), and British Columbia (c), 

 Macoun. Kocky Mountains, Wolf. California (c,=Lecanora 

 mniareiza, Nyl. in Flora, 1870, p. 33; & in Norrl. Lich. Fenn. n. 



158), Bolander, teste Nyl. A certain difference between a and 



c proves scarcely well determinable ; nor are the two Scandi- 

 navian authorities cited above to be clearly reconciled. Spores 



equally large in these forms. b is the var. microcarpa of Anzi 



(Lich. Langob. n. 106), but the name becomes inappropriate in 

 our plant, which offers the largest fruit of any of our specimens. 



8. E. sophodes (Ach.) Nyl., emend.; thallus tartareous but 

 thin, granulate-areolate ; from ash-coloured passing into olive- 

 brown ; on a black hypothallus ; apothecia small, zeorine, ap- 

 pressed ; disk flattish, brown to brownish-black ; thalline mar- 

 gin sub-entire. Spores ^| mic. Nyl. Scand. p. 148, a. Th. 



Fr. Scand. p. 199, a. 



b. atrocinerea, Nyl. ; thallus squamulose-areolate ; glauces- 

 cent ; the thinnish areoles scattered more or less on the con- 

 spicuous, black hypothallus ; apothecia small, adnate ; the thin, 



