PERTUSARIA. 211 



On living and dead jvood, not uncommon in New England, 

 and southward to Maryland, and Virginia, Tuckerman I. c. 1862. 

 New Jersey, Austin. Pennsylvania, Michener. Ohio, Lea. 

 North Carolina, Curtis. South Carolina, Ravenel Alabama, 



Peters. Our common plant is the M. Kemmleri, Koerb. (Hepp. 



n. 771 -, Eabenh. n. 633), but this is most easily to be regarded 

 as only the more perfect state of Massalongo's. Smaller forms 

 of our lichen occur, resembling the cited one of the Italian 

 author ; and, in such states, the disk is scarcely marginate. It 

 was remarked, in the place first-cited above, that, in addition to 

 the general resemblance of It. constans to familiar conditions of 

 R. sophodes as here taken, the former agreed also with Rinodina 

 in its truly bilocular spores becoming at length constricted at 

 the middle ; " one of the best indications of the coloured spore 

 in its bilocular stage, when colour is wanting." And Mr. Willey 

 has now completed this observation, and removed all doubt of 

 the position of our plant by the discovery of such spores as 

 those just mentioned coloured exactly as those of the otherwise 

 not very dissimilar R. sophodes, v. exigua-, itself now poly- 

 sporous. 



Sub-Fam. 2. PERTU SARIEI. 



Apothecia typically closed,- composite ; and difforni; 

 but reverting largely to lecanorine forms. 



XXXIII. PERTUSARIA, DC. 



Apothecia globular-diffbrm, closed ; including ( 1-00) 

 nucleiforin hymenia opening by pores (ostioles) j or expla- 

 nate and lecanoroid. Spores (only excepting n. 6) large to 

 very large, ellipsoid, simple j or rarely bilocular (n. 9) ; typ- 

 ically colourless. Spermatia staff-shaped, straight j upon 

 simple sterigmas. Thallus crustaceous; uniform in our 

 species. 



* Apothecia more or less lecanorine. 



% Spores simple. 



1. P. bryontha (Ach.) Nyl. ; thallus incrusting, verrucose- 

 conglomerate ; whitish ; apothecia middling-sized, and over, 



