222 URCEOLARIA. 



as that is brought in accord with other Gyalectce by G. lecideopsis, 

 Mass., and G. leucaspis, Krempelh., compared with G. carneo- 

 lutea, and G. cupularis. 



XXXVI. URCEOLARIA. 



Apothecia urceolate-scutellseform consisting of -a con- 

 nivent, black proper exciple at length for the most part 

 explanate, the margin of which is finally discrete from the 

 lecanorine (rarely obsolete) thalline one. Spores ovoid- 

 ellipsoid; inuriform-plurilocular 5 brown. Spermatia oblong, 

 or staff-shaped; on sub-simple sterigmas. Thallus crus- 

 taceous; uniform. 



1. U. scruposa (L.) Nyl. ; thallus tartareous, areolate-verru- 

 cose becoming rugose-plicate; glaucous, ash-coloured, or now 

 white ; apothecia from immersed becoming superficial, and from 

 small to more than middling-sized, scutellaeform finally expla- 

 nate ; black ; the disk gray-pruinose ; the more or less denticu- 

 late proper margin hidden by the tumid thalline one ; or the 

 latter disappearing and the former prominent and incrassated. 

 Spores ^ mic. Nyl. Scand. p. 176. Th. Fr. Scand. p. 302. 



On rocks, and on the earth (when calcareous, the thallus 

 becoming white and mealy v. gypsacea, Nyl.) growing also 

 over mosses, etc. (and now on Cladonice, without thallus v. 

 parasitica, Sommerf.), throughout our territory; Muhleriberg 

 Catal. 1818. Arctic America, Richardson. Kansas, Hall. Ne- 

 braska, Hay den. Rocky Mountains, Hall. South Carolina, 

 Eavenel. New Mexico, Fendler. California, Bolander. Oregon, 

 Hall. 



2. U. actinostoma, Pers. ; thallus tartareous, originally 

 sinoothish, then chinky and breaking finally into areole-like 

 portions ; grayish-ash-coloured and whitish ; apothecia minute, 

 immersed; a black, always connivent proper exciple, with a 

 radiately striate, gray-pruinose margin bordering a pore-like at 

 length a little extended aperture ; disk black ; thalline margin 



deficient. Spores broad- ellipsoid; ^ mic. Verrucaria, Ach. 



L. U. p. 288. Parmelia ( Urceolaria) striala, Fr. L. E. p. 192. 



Rocks. Connecticut ( Wright), Tuckerman Gen. 1872. Kan- 

 sas, Hall. South Carolina, Mavenel. 



