CLADONIA. 237 



exhibits what should, it might seem, have been a simple, 

 cup-shaped podetium with the cup broken up into a cluster 

 of (fertile) branchlets; but passes at length into a condi- 

 tion so thickly branched as to offer no little of the aspect 

 of dwarfed C. rangiferina as occurring on dead wood. And 

 C. leporina, fully comparable finally with C. rangiferina, 

 takes on also an inflated, funnel-shaped, simple condition 

 (compare here FrieVs sufficiently pertinent -observation on 

 C. rangiferina v.portentosa, Duf., in L. E. p. 244) reminding 

 us at once of ordinary forms of C. cristatella. Like this 

 last (it is also a matter of interest) C. leporina, with all its 

 associableness with C. rangiferina, offers horizontal squam- 

 ules of a peculiar type, which are obsolete so far as appears, 

 in the much-branched state. We may perhaps then assume 

 the morphosis of C. rangiferina, and C. uncialis to be pos- 

 sibly explainable by that of the two species with which they 

 are compared above ; as even possibly more clearly by that 

 of C. furcata ; however stages in the development of the 

 one set of lichens be less fully exhibited, or now deficient 

 from the first, in the other. The position of C. Papillaria 

 is the only remaining, important point in which the present 

 arrangement of Cladonia differs from others now received. 

 I conceive Floerke to have been quite right in associating 

 this species with G. delicata-, and that Fries favoured in 

 fact the same view in allowing the first-named, however 

 differently placed by him, to be really most closely allied 

 (L. E. p. 245) to C. turgida. The horizontal thallus of G. 

 delicata is, here at least, most commonly quite granulose ; 

 and that of G. Papillaria, if never to be called squamulose, 

 assumes finally a squamaceous form, comparable certainly 

 with some states of the thallus of C. Eavenelii of this work. 

 And there is nothing else to keep C. Papillaria from the 

 place thus assigned to it. 



Ser. I. Fuscce. Apothecia broivn. Podetia from green- 

 ish-gray passing into brownish. 



1. Scyphiferce. Podetia normally simple, or only prolifer- 

 ous-ramose ', dilating above into a cup closed by an imperforate 





