CLADONIA. 243 



proliferous, at length luxuriantly, from the centre. Fr. I. c. 



Nyl. 1. c. Scyphophorus-verticillaris, Michx. FL Bor. Amer., 2, p f 

 328, not of(Eadcl) Mont. 



* cervicornis, Floerk. ; thallus macrophylline, the lobed 



squamules elongated, ascendant. FL I c. p. 28. Fr. I c. 



NyL L c. 



* * symphycarpia, Tuckerm. ; cups obsolete from the first ; 

 apothecia confluent. Lick. Amer. exs. n. 116. 



b. hybrida, Schser. ; podetia elongated; cylindrical; often 

 beset with squamules ; mostly cup-bearing ; the dilated cups 



proliferous commonly from the margin. Fr. I. c. Tuckerm. 



Lick. exs. n. 27. 



c. elongata,Fi\: podetia much elongated; cylindrical; mostly 

 subulate or forked ; either stout and commonly pale (f. macro- 

 ceras) or slender and commonly darker brown (f. chordalis), now 

 beset here and there with squamules ; the cups diminished, and 

 somewhat concave. Fr. L c. Tuckerm. Lich. exs. n. 28, 117. 



On the earth, to be especially studied in high mountains, but 

 found, in one form or another, throughout our region ; Muhlenberg 

 Catal. 1818. a, reaching its height of development in the lower 

 regions of the White Mountains, passes, at the south (South 

 Carolina, Ravenel ; Florida, Chapman ; Louisiana, Hale) into a 

 slender, smaller form, otherwise equally well-marked, which 



occurs, also in Cuba, and Venezuela. a, * as respects what is 



here referred to it, is certainly a macrophylline state of the 

 present species, and perhaps better referable to a, than to b 

 (in which Fries also recognizes a macrophylline condition), but 

 its greater robustness makes it less comparable with the Euro- 

 pean lichen, than with such American ones as the above-cited 

 Lich. Amer. n. 27. It has only occurred to me in the lower region 



of the White Mountains. a, * * is known only from the coast 



of Massachusetts, Oakes ; Willey. b, an intermediate form 



between a, and c, and not always readily determinable, is com- 

 monly found wherever c is, throughout our northern regions, as 

 well Atlantic as Pacific ; and is sent from Wisconsin (E. L. 



Greene] but I have not seen it from the south. c is especially 



characteristical of arctic and alpine regions, but descends, at 

 least in the paler form, to the coast of Massachusetts, Oakes ; 

 and of Maine, Willey ; as of California, Mensies. 



