244 CLADONIA. 



C. cornuta (L.) Fr. ; thallus as in the last; podetia 

 much elongated, cylindrical; mostly subulate; the epidermis 

 persistent, smooth, and pale- to dark-brown below, but thinner 

 above and dissolving there, more or less, into a fine white dust ; 

 cups much narrowed, as in C. gracilis v. elongata, from which 

 this is now commonly taken to descend ; apothecia as in that. 

 - Fr. L. E. p. 225. Tuckerm. Lich. exs. n. 123 (the terricoline 

 specimen). Nyl. Scand. p. 52. C. gracilis v. cornuta, Schcer. 



On the earth, especially of burnt districts, in the White 

 Mountains, Tuckerman Syn. N. E. 1848. Tamarack swamps, 

 Wisconsin, Lapham. Canada, Macoun. British Columbia, 

 Lyall. Macoun. 



2. Per vice. Podetia not cup -bearing ; and the simpler, 

 more turgid states which correspond to the cup-lichens, though sim- 

 ilarly dilated at the axils and summits, are normally open and 

 funnel- shaped ; or in the slender, much-branched states at least 

 perforate. - The truly fruticulose, dichotomously - branched 

 forms of this division are well distinguishable from the corre- 

 spondingly elongated but only proliferous ones of the Scyphiferce; 

 and the horizontal thallus, though far less abundant, in most of 

 the species, and finally quite deficient, is yet marked, in the 

 most, by a character of its own. 



12. C. turgida (Ehrh.) Hoffm. ; thallus foliaceous, sub-erect, 

 membranaceous-cartilagineous, deeply and somewhat pinnately 

 laciniate; podetia from shortish, turgid, and obconical, soon 

 elongated; smooth; glaucous; the summits scyphiform but 

 mostly perforate, proliferously at length much-branched; apo- 

 thecia brown. - Ach. Syn. p. 272. Fr. L. E. p. 215. Tuckerm. 

 Lich. exs. n. 124. Nyl. Syn. p. 205. 



b. conspicua (Schaer.) Nyl.; thallus disappearing; podetia 

 much elongated, densely crowded together and fastigiately 

 branched ; now beset with squamules ; ashy-green ; the sum- 

 mits stellate-dentate. - Nyl. I. c. C. turgida, v. grypea, Tuck- 

 erm. in Agass. Lake Sup., Append. 



On the earth, especially in fissures of rocks on mountains. 

 Northern States, Muhlenberg Catal. 1818. Canada, Agassiz. 

 Newfoundland, Despreaux. Arctic America, Richardson. North 

 West Coast, Herb. Hook. - Best comparable with C. eenotea\ 

 as especially now with some of the forms of C. furcata, a, cris- 



