248 CLADONIA. 



c. subulata, Fl. ; squamules rare or deficient; podetia slen- 

 derer, straighter, and much branched; more commonly darker; 

 the axils' slightly more or less perforate ; the sterile summits 



subulate, and forked. FL Hon. p. 143. Fr. I. c. Twkerm. 



Lich. exs. n. 33. 



d. pungens, Fr. ; smallish ; very slender and fragile ; divari- 

 cately much branched ; pale ; growing in dense clumps. Fr. 



1. c. Nyl. L c. 



On the earth, common, a, Northern States, Tuckerman Syn. 

 N. E. 1848. Wisconsin, E. L. Greene. Newfoundland, Despre- 

 aux. Arctic America, Richardson in herb. Hook. Rocky Mount- 

 ains, Herb. Hook. ; Hall British Columbia, Macoun, etc. Cal- 

 ifornia, Bolander. fy range quite the same with that of the 



last, but probably also occurring in the southern States* at least 



in the mountains. c, range the same, but fine at the south, as 



far as Florida, Ravenel. d, White Mountains, in the alpine 



region, Tuckerman. Northern shore of Lake Superior, Agassiz. 

 And probably southern ; specimens possibly referable to it have 

 been sent from Alabama, Peters. It is very fine, and now beau- 

 tifully foliose in Cuba (Wright Lich, Cub. n. 33). 



18. C. ranglferina (L.) Hoffm. ; horizontal thallus deficient; 

 podetia elongated ; erect ; fruticulose ; variously roughish or 

 mealy; trichotomously very much branched, the lubricate 

 branches divaricated; axils sub - perforate ; fertile summits 



cymose ; apothecia brown. Fl. Clad. p. 160. Fr. L. E. p. 



243. Nyl. Syn. p. 211. 



a. pale-ash-coloured ; verruculose ; the summits drooping. 

 Fr. I. c. Tuckerm. Lich. exs. n. 127. 



b. sylvatica, L. ; pale-yellowish ; perhaps rather more deli- 

 cate, and more loosely branched; smoothish; the summits com- 

 monly straighter. Fr. I. c. Tuck. Lich. exs. n. 128. 



c. alpestris, L. ; with the coloration of the last ; softish ; 

 mealy or now as if tomentose ; the branches and branchlets very 



densely thyrsoid-entangled. Fr. I. c. Tuckerm. Lich, exs. 



n. 129. 



On the earth, common everywhere ; found also in degenerate 

 states on dead wood. Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Carolina, 

 DilleniuSj Hist. Muse. 1741. Canada (a) and Carolina (c), 

 Michaux. Arctic America, G-ieseke, Richardson, etc. North 



