CLADONIA. 251 



dichotomously branched j either slender for the most part, and 

 somewhat attenuate, with often imperforate axils, and subulate 

 summits (a. Auct.) or turgid, with gaping axils, and fastigiately 

 at length much-branched, radiate summits, with cristate-dentate 

 tips (b. adunca, Auct.) ; fertile podetia iucrassated above, cymose ; 



apothecia brown. Fr. L. E. p. 244. Tuckerm. Licit, exs. n. 



34, 35. Nyl. Syn. p. 215. C. stellata, Schcer. Fl. Clad. p. 172. 



c. Caroliniana ; podetia not unlike those of b. adunca in its 

 most turgid forms, but bullate-ventricose, and the obconical 

 branches terminating in sub-truncate, obtuse summits beset here 

 and there with short, thorn-like branchlets of the same colour. 



Dufourea, dein Cenomyce CaroUniana, Schwein. herb. Cla- 



donia, Tuckerm. Suppl. 1,1. c. p. 427. Nyl. Syn. p. 216 (sub-sp.). 



On the earth, throughout North America. Canada, Michaux 

 Flora 1803. Arctic countries, Richardson ; Valil ; Wright, etc. 

 Newfoundland, Despreaux. North West Coast, Lyall. Northern 

 and Middle States, Muhlenberg. Southern States, Curtis-, Rav- 



enel. a is often short, and well contrasts in size, as in other 



respects, with b-, but, like the latter, becomes at length much 

 elongated and inflated, without wholly losing its other distinc- 

 tions. b is finally very turgid (f. turgescens, Schaer.) though 



not otherwise differing. Both these large forms belong to alpine 

 and arctic regions. I cannot distinguish from the last-named 

 the Newfoundland C. Delisei, Despreaux ! in herb. varr. ; nor at 

 all refer it, as Nylander (1. c.) has done, to C. Boryi. c, mount- 

 ains of Georgia, and Tennessee, Ravenel; Alabama, on sand- 

 rocks, Peters. 



23(b). C. Boryi, Tuckerm.; horizontal thallus deficient; 

 podetia turgid, now much distended ; elongated-turbinate ; divid- 

 ing above fastigiately ; or now more narrowed and sub-cylin- 

 drical, dichotomously much -branched; reticulate-lacunose pass- 

 ing into cribrose j pale-straw-coloured ; scyphiferous and re- 

 peatedly proliferous, as also proliferous-fimbriate ; but the cups 

 not uncommonly perforate, and disappearing at length in cris- 

 tate-dentate extremities ; apothecia brown. Syn. N. Eng. p. 



54 ; Lich. Amer. exs. n. 36. C. uncialis, v. reticulata, Russell in 

 Essex Journ. Nat. Hist. Cenomyce lacunosa, Bory fide sched. 

 in Herb. Berol. (nomen.). 



On the earth near the sea, Newfoundland (Despreaux), Tuck- 

 ermau 1. c. 1848. Labrador, Mr. W. A. Stearns. Coast of Mas- 



