FIBRO-LIGAMENTOUS TISSUE. . 231 



Morgagni, called them cartilaginous ligaments ; Haase, mixed 

 ligaments. Like ligaments, they present a well marked fibrous 

 appearance, and are strong and resisting. Like cartilages, 

 they are white, very dense and elastic. Beclard divides them 

 into the temporary and permanent.* 



The temporary, are those which pass regularly and at 

 determined periods to the state of ossification, and are developed 

 in the midst of the ligaments and tendons, as the patella and 

 sesamoid bones. 



The permanent are of several kinds. 1. Those which are 

 free at both these surfaces, and are lined by the synovial mem- 

 brane. These constitute the interarticular or meniscous carti- 

 lages, (menisci,) and are attached at their outer surface to the 

 inner face of the capsular ligament. They are found in the 

 knee, maxillary, clavicular, and lower ulnar articulations. 

 2. Those which are adherent by one of their surfaces ; these 

 are found whenever the fibrous tissue is subjected to habitual 

 friction by the tendons, as in the different grooves, through 

 which they play, or upon the sides of the ligaments or carti- 

 lages, against which they rub ; the periosteum, or whatever 

 fibrous membrane it may be, first becomes thickened and then 

 converted into a semicartilage. It also exists in the fibrous 

 rings, placed at the margin of the glenoid and cotyloid cavities 

 for the purpose of deepening their sockets. 3. Those adherent 

 by both surfaces. These are found between the bodies of the 

 vertebrae and the pubic bones. 



The accidental production of this tissue is by no means 

 uncommon ; it is found occasionally in the cavities of fractures 

 forming false joints, in the tubercular cavities of the lungs, in 

 the uterus, ovaries, etc. 



* Bichat considered the elastic cartilaginous membranes of the nose, ear, and 

 trachea, as belonging to this division of the tissues, but they certainly have a 

 closer affinity to the yellow elastic fibrous tissue. p. 



